Adaptive learning systems support students in acquiring complex skills, provided they deliver appropriate instructional support, such as scaffolding. Few studies have examined whether the optimal level of scaffolding depends on the system's support for strategies familiar to the learner—a situation that often arises when students use software developed abroad or aligned with a different curriculum

Digital reading with multiple-text comprehension is essential in daily life, especially with the rise of AI-generated contents, making source evaluation crucial for authenticity of online information, particularly in academic contexts. Despite its importance, there is limited moment-to-moment evidence on reading processes in multiple-text use. To bridge this gap, we used eye-tracking technology to

Developing reflective thinking skills (RTS) in pre-service teachers remains a challenge in teacher education, particularly in the context of integrating emerging technologies. While digital storytelling (DST) has shown promise in fostering reflective practice, traditional methods often present technical barriers that hinder deeper reflection. Few studies have explored how generative artificial intelligence

Teacher education simulations are useful for learning communication skills under authentic conditions. However, they can also inspire social inhibitions, particularly among individuals who experience anxiety in interpersonal situations. Digital simulations have the potential to provide alternative, safe spaces for socially inhibited students to practice communication skills. It is unclear, however

In the dynamic field of education, addressing the knowledge-skill gap remains a significant challenge, as students often excel in theoretical understanding but struggle with practical application. This study investigates the combined effects of the large language model (LLM) chatbot and critical thinking guidance on learners' acquisition of declarative knowledge (“know what”) and procedural knowledge

Integrating artificial intelligence into teaching practices has become a prominent topic in recent literature, raising concerns about how teachers' moral ascendancy and dependency can be attributed and measured in a behavioral context. This study addresses this gap by developing and validating the teachers' perceived moral ascendancy and dependency on the AI integration (MAD-AI) scale. The methodological

Adaptive social regulation refers to students' strategic adaptation of social regulatory actions in response to challenges. If group members enact social regulation strategies to cope with encountered challenges, adaptive social regulation occurs; if not, maladaptive behavior may arise. Adaptive social regulation contributes to effective collaboration, but two obstacles may hinder this process: (a)

The analysis of learners' discussions in the forums of massive open online courses (MOOCs) often prioritises the socio-cognitive processes that learners mobilise to construct knowledge. This study goes beyond the analysis of process to study the knowledge constructed. We examine learners' MOOC forum discussions (N = 300) to uncover the potential dialogues that emerge and identify the key features of

Executive function (EF) is a skill that is essential in many aspects of daily functioning and as such is a pertinent target for cognitive training protocols. With current findings about EF training being inconsistent, work is now needed to understand the core components that ensure successful training. A key component that is often cited as essential, but which lacks solid empirical justification is

Visual learning analytics (VLA) is becoming increasingly adopted in educational technologies and learning analytics dashboards to convey critical insights to students and educators. Yet many students experienced difficulties in comprehending complex VLA due to their limited data visualisation literacy. While conventional scaffolding approaches like data storytelling have shown effectiveness in enhancing

Digital game-based language learning (DGBLL) has demonstrated potential in enhancing language acquisition. This study examines the effectiveness of the commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) game Return to Monkey Island in improving vocabulary learning among Taiwanese EFL learners, with a focus on the effects of individual versus paired gameplay. Addressing a gap in existing research, this study evaluates

This study employed a person-centered perspective to uncover latent profiles defined by online homework time, time management, and procrastination. Involving 232 undergraduates, we identified five distinct profiles: Minimalists, Efficient Learners, Chaotic Overworking Learners, Moderate Learners, and Hardworking Learners. The results showed that gender was unrelated to profile membership. Profile membership

This research investigates the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in enhancing neuroanatomy learning among medical students, focusing on optimizing cognitive load, intrinsic motivation, and user experience. A total of 77 s-year medical students participated in the study, which compared traditional video-based instruction with three VR conditions: active, guided, and passive.

Virtual reality (VR) is becoming increasingly feasible to replace or complement videoconferencing in remote education, but there is a gap in knowledge about how to structure these pedagogical experiences, especially in consideration of relevant theoretical factors, such as social presence and virtual meeting fatigue. The present research addresses this overarching question: How does integrating VR

The study explored how school principals' transformational leadership impacts formal and informal teacher collaboration for technology integration. Goal clarity and the strategic importance of technology integration in Swiss upper-secondary schools were considered as mediators. Analyzing data from a survey of 2247 teachers using multilevel correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) with cluster-robust

Short videos are highly attractive and are becoming increasingly popular among young adults due to their unique properties. However, they also pose a risk of getting used to surface processing and suppressing slow analytic thinking. So far, little is known about the potential impact of short video use (SVU) on learning variables. Therefore, this series of studies aimed to examine the consequences of

Reliance on AI describes the behavioral patterns of when and how individuals depend on AI suggestions, and appropriate reliance patterns are necessary to achieve effective human-AI collaboration. Traditional measures often link reliance to decision-making outcomes, which may not be suitable for complex problem-solving tasks where outcomes are not binary (i.e., correct or incorrect) or immediately clear

Viewing scientific learning videos with head-mounted displays (HMDs) can facilitate authentic experiences that may otherwise be impossible to access in the real world, thereby potentially improving the way science content can be learned and how science and scientists are perceived. The rise in popularity of these immersive learning videos has prompted a need for a more profound comprehension of their

This study employed a systematic review and meta-analysis approach to retrospectively analyze the literature related to the application of mixed reality (MR) technology in education from 2009 to 2025. The goal of this study was to ascertain the developmental trends, advantages, and challenges of applying MR technology in current educational practice. It scrutinized the current status of MR technology

This study explores how the personality traits of pedagogical agents, particularly teachable agents, influence students' math learning experiences. Grounded in the Big Five personality traits framework, students were randomly assigned to tutor a teachable agent that either emphasized one of the five personality traits or did not emphasize a specific trait for mathematics problem-solving. Students interacted

Learners increasingly use digital devices such as laptops or tablets for studying. While these devices offer advantages, they also pose challenges. They present attractive alternative opportunities for learners, such as communication or entertainment opportunities that may distract from learning. Such alternatives increase demand for self-control, particularly over time. We investigated the potential

There is a growing body of literature on the development and use of chatbots in education. However, insights into the objectives, underlying technologies, theories, and criteria for developing and evaluating chatbots in education are lacking. This study presents a systematic review of 71 papers, identified through a thorough search in Web of Science and Scopus in October 2023, to understand, compare

Many European countries are facing plasma shortages, with lack of awareness and knowledge about plasma donation being a potential explanation for low donor numbers. One approach to increasing knowledge and awareness about plasma is through informal educational methods, such as serious games. We developed a serious game focused on plasma and plasma donation for children and adolescents (8–17 years)

This study examines how the effects of school socioeducational advantage and rurality upon mathematics learning outcomes, are impacted by students’ usage of the ITS platform AdaptiveMath. Activity log data from the AdaptiveMath platform was merged with school sociodemographic data from the public MySchool database. The final analytic sample comprised of 66,451 Australian high school students across

Emotions play a pivotal role in daily judgments and decision-making, particularly in educational settings, where understanding and responding to learners’ emotions is essential for personalized learning. While there has been growing interest in emotion recognition, traditional methods, such as manual observations and self-reports, are often subjective and time-consuming. The rise of AI has led to the

This study employs transpositional grammar to analyze the structure of meaning in MOOC video lectures. An observation guide was developed using meaning forms in transpositional grammar – speech, sound, body, object, image, and text – as the superordinate categories and populated with sub-categories informed by a literature review, pilot study, and consultation with a panel of experts. Through a detailed

There has been much discussion regarding the positive relationship between self-regulated learning (SRL) and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) development for student teachers. This study continued this claim and adopted advanced analytical methods to explain how SRL influences TPACK learning. Think-aloud protocols from 39 participants were collected and transcribed when they were

Effective teachers should be equipped to solve complex problems across diverse instructional and learning contexts. However, many teacher training programs struggle to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge to real-world applications. The current study tackles this challenge by developing a generative artificial intelligence (GenAI)-enhanced simulation to improve preservice teachers’ problem-solving

Analysing the processes of effective computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is a prominent area of research in education. Within the community of enquiry framework, group social interaction patterns are essential for enhancing learners' cognitive and emotional processes. This study examined the online collaborative learning processes of 66 university students over an eight-week blended course

Artificial intelligence (AI) includes complex concepts and could be difficult for non-computer or information students, and they may experience difficulties in an AI course. In order to develop students' AI skills, regulate their academic stress, and reduce student loneliness, the researchers in this study integrated self-regulation scaffolding (supported by a chatbot designed in this study) with online

Existing research has independently examined teachers' beliefs, emotions, and knowledge related to technology use, but few studies have explored how these components can be combined to form technological integration competency (TIC). Furthermore, the role of self-regulated learning (SRL) in predicting TIC remains underexplored. This study employed multilevel latent profile analysis (MLPA) to identify

Digital resources are valuable in socio-educational interventions with vulnerable migrant women for developing creative skills. Few existing repositories offer systematized resources for social educators to apply creative methodologies, such as design thinking. In the framework of a European project, this paper aims to design and evaluate Thinklusion, a repository of toolkits based on design thinking

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly propelled the progression of online instruction in China. Existing studies have demonstrated that the quality of teachers' online teaching, as well as students' self-regulated learning (SRL), has a considerable impact on undergraduates' intention to persist with online learning. However, few studies have simultaneously considered these two aspects within a unified

Despite the growing interest in student-facing learning analytics, limited research has examined how students actually engage with these tools in practice. This study explores how students used message-based analytics sent via emails to support their engagement in collaborative annotation tasks in an online undergraduate statistics course over five weeks. Focusing on three key activities (analytic

Computational thinking has been promoted as an impactful 21st-century skillset that can be transferred to many other disciplines and problem scenarios. With the proliferation of age-appropriate coding platforms for young children, computational thinking has become increasingly popular in early childhood settings. However, there is a lack of research on introducing coding and computational thinking

Teacher competencies encompass the dimensions of knowledge and attitudes, yet few studies have analysed teachers' latent profiles in relation to the interaction between these two dimensions. Latent profile analysis, which examines the interplay between variables to distinguish subgroups of individuals, has recently emerged in studies of computational thinking (CT) as a method for identifying student

Flipped classrooms, which foster active learning, are becoming more prevalent in higher education. Yet, many students struggle with self-regulated learning (SRL) skills and prefer traditional learning methods. The use of SRL relies on both students' motivation and skills but it is unclear how these skills evolve over time since many previous studies often overlook the temporal effects of interventions

Despite theoretical knowledge being an important source for well-founded teaching decisions, student teachers often struggle to put this knowledge into practice. One way to close this theory-practice gap could be digital teaching simulation games that enable theory-use in authentic critical teaching situation. To assess their potential for teacher education, we conducted a learning experiment with

The present meta-analysis examines the association between different self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies and academic performance in online and blended learning environments. A database search identified a total of 42 studies from 37 articles from 2011 to 2022, containing 115 effect sizes from 11,014 participants in K-12 and higher education. The overall effect size between SRL strategies and

Adolescents massively use video-based applications for entertainment as well as for learning or informative purposes. However, videos present specific difficulties for processing information. Although adolescents may have the ability to critically analyze such content, they are not necessarily willing to engage in these cognitively costly processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether

To develop better understanding of the links among collaborative antecedents, processes, and outcomes, this study aims to investigate the effects of group composition on game-based collaborative learning and to explore the underlying interbrain dynamics between group members. A one-factor (group composition based on prior knowledge) between-subjects design experimental study was conducted. 106 students

The advent of the digital era has significantly heightened interest in digital literacy across multidisciplinary backgrounds and has endowed these fields with interdisciplinary and integrative characteristics. In this study, we employed VOSviewer and Bibliometrix for bibliometric and descriptive analyses of digital literacy, and we analyzed 3005 records from the Social Science Citation Index and Science

Digital literacy is crucial for adolescents’ future, yet significant gender divides persist, particularly in Computer and Information Literacy (CIL) and Computational Thinking (CT). This study examines the gender divide in CIL and CT among adolescents in four European countries, highlighting the gender-based disparities in digital literacy development.

Recent developments in educational technology research underscores the importance of individuals and groups to regulate their own learning processes and behaviours to cope with the fast-changing world around them. This led many researchers to focus on the concept of Socially-Shared Regulation of Learning (SSRL) which tries to understand the different types of collective regulatory processes that emerge

Despite its perceived benefits, peer feedback provision is often associated with challenges such as superficial comments, poor content quality, and students’ unwillingness to criticise their peers’ work. This study explores the effects of two well-established scaffolding strategies — scripting and self-monitoring on students’ engagement, quality of peer feedback, and evaluative judgement. A total of

Eye-tracking studies have been increasingly used to investigate student cognitive processes. While some existing literature has reviewed commonly used eye-tracking measures and analytical methods across different contexts, there remains a gap in clarifying the educational themes, cognitive theories, and specific cognitive processes most frequently examined in recent eye-tracking studies. To address

This systematic review responds to the critical need to equip preservice teachers with the competencies to use technologies within an increasingly digital educational landscape. Given the fact that new ways to learn digitally are constantly emerging, new strategies are needed to support future teachers' digital practices in a different context. This replication study builds upon the Synthesis of Qualitative

The use of multiple devices to access educational materials is becoming more prevalent, offering benefits for both formal and informal learning. However, research on college students' cross-device learning patterns and the challenges remains limited. This study employed a two-week diary study method and follow-up interviews with 36 college students. Comprehensive data were collected from 374 cross-device

This study combines scientific argumentation, gamified learning, and textual scaffolding to address the needs of cognitive, affective, and skill-based dimensions, designing an AI-interactive learning environment. Through the synergy created by these three dimensions, it aims to promote scientific argumentation learning. An online learning platform called AI web-based online learning in argumentation

This study tested the efficacy of explicit video-based instruction (4 x 45-min lessons) in promoting sixth graders' online credibility evaluation skills. It also investigated whether storified instruction enhanced learning more than non-storified instruction. Storified and non-storified interventions contained the same learning content, and the same components of explicit instruction informed their

Large language models built upon artificial intelligence (AI) hold great promises to innovate automatic short answer scoring (ASAS) - significantly alleviating educators’ workload in assessing student answers. However, ASAS systems on such basis have seen limited adoption in authentic teaching environments due to the models’ inability to explain the predictions they generate. To address this, we recruited

Programming education has become essential in primary schools, yet students' perceptions vary significantly across different achievement levels. While teacher support is crucial for learning, little is known about how it influences students' attitudes and flow experience across different achievement groups in programming education. This study examined the interrelationships among perceived teacher

The rapid development of generative AI (GenAI) has sparked increasing interest in its potential impact on student learning. Drawing on cognitive appraisal theory and AI device use acceptance (AIDUA) model, this study aims to investigate the complex dynamics of GenAI adoption among university undergraduates. Especially, our study examined how social, personal, and technological factors (social influence

This research employed metaphor analysis to explore 277 postgraduate students' perceptions of the role of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in academic writing. All participants were international students, from a total of 14 countries and regions, studying in the United Kingdom. Data collection was carried out in two phases. The first was a survey comprising demographic and metaphor-related

This study maps the evolution and state of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) research, analyzing 6388 documents published between 1990 and 2022. The findings highlight the sustained engagement of a core group of scholars and the field's geographic concentration in Western countries, particularly the USA and Europe. While the field remains productive and diverse, recent trends reflect