Although Nicotiana tabacum represents a model plant for validating plant-pathogen interactions, few reports have focused on genes in this species that can effectively defend against tobacco brown spot (TBS) caused by Alternaria alternata. By identifying and analyzing key genes, we can gain a deeper understanding of how plants recognize Alternaria alternata and activate defense responses to resist pathogen

Vegetable wastes in general do not compost well due to their high moisture content (MC) and low dry mass. To overcome these obstacles, in this study co-composting of Chinese cabbage wastes (CA) or celery wastes (CE) with corn stover and sheep manure was utilized to improve the composting performance, and the effects of the additives on microbiota during composting and microbial degradation of lignocellulose

Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is an oilseed of interest as a feedstock for sustainable aviation fuels due to its low carbon intensity. Camelina is reported to have salinity tolerance and able to establish in marginal lands but there is no knowledge on how spring and winter biotypes tolerate exposure to different salts and salt concentrations. The objective of this study was to determine seed

Tung oil obtained from tung tree (Vernicia fordii) seeds is highly valued for its high unsaturation due to α-eleostearic acid. Tung tree can accumulate oil even during late-stage seed maturation under cold waves. Understanding unsaturated fatty acid formation in tung tree under low temperatures is crucial. Previous research identified three types of fatty acid desaturases in plants, but their roles

The biocompatible and biodegradable silks, have become promising fibre reinforcements for composites owning to their high toughness and specific strength. As dozens of silk fibre type exist, comprehensive understanding and comparison of their characteristics are crucial for fibre selection, and the hybrid of different silk fibres may provide better overall characteristics and open up new opportunities

Forests in permafrost regions are particularly sensitive to hydroclimatic changes. To investigate tree responses to climatic and hydrological changes in hemi-boreal forests of Northeast China, we collected 405 tree-ring cores from key conifer species, including Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen) and Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.), across nine sampling sites in the

Sub-canopy windspeed is a critical input variable in fire simulation modelling, having a strong effect on the predicted rate of spread (ROS). In vegetated landscapes, windspeed reduction occurs due to the structural properties of vegetation, with the canopy height and forest density being key structural attributes driving this effect. Wind reduction factors (WRFs) are used to represent this phenomenon

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.), a key subtropical plantation species in China, suffers severe soil degradation under monoculture systems, evidenced by productivity decline and nutrient depletion. Mixed forests enhance nutrient availability and microbial function. However, systematic optimization of species configurations of mixed forests remains unexplored. In this study, based

Floral scent is a key ornamental trait in plants, and exogenous hormonal treatments can enhance its intensity. In this study, we demonstrated that exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) enhanced floral fragrance intensity in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora), mainly by elevating β-citronellol content. Application of MeJA at the S2 (half-opened) stage resulted in the highest fragrance intensity during

Grafting is the primary means of propagation for citrus, wherein the choice of rootstock significantly influences the phenotypic traits. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which various rootstocks affect the metabolite profiles of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' (CRC) fruit peels remain to be clarified. To address the problem, we investigated the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles

Wallpaper is widely used in indoor decoration, but its flammability and susceptibility to mold caused by the starch-based adhesive widely used in wallpaper is a major problem restricting its application. In this study, environmental friendly Wood Wallpaper was prepared by starch adhesive incorporated with bio-based three-source-integration flame retardant (HSt-PAPI) which was integrated with hydrolyzed

Poplar and willow grown as SRC are significant plants providing woody biomass for industrial and energy purposes. The study determined the effect of clones and planting density on survival, number of shoots, shoot diameter, plant height, biomass yield and the yield energy value for the SRCs cultivated extensively over an eight-year harvest cycle. The branch and main shoot yields, as well as the total

Vegetation phenology serves as a crucial impact on terrestrial ecosystem, yet its long-term effects on hydrological process, especially seasonal transpiration changes, remain understudied compared to the extensive vegetation-carbon coupling. Here, leveraging long-term solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and satellite-retrieved vegetation transpiration (TR) datasets, we assessed the response

Fire plays a critical role in shaping the Amazon’s ecosystem and carbon dynamics, yet the relative contributions of climatic and land-use drivers remain debated. Here, we used 0.5° by 0.5° aggregated satellite-based active fire (AF) data (2002–2020) combined with land-cover change and climate reanalysis datasets to (1) quantify spatiotemporal change of fire patterns, (2) evaluate the interrelationships

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the second largest hydrological flux over the land surface and connects water, energy, and carbon cycles. However, large uncertainties exist among current ET products due to their coarse spatial resolutions, short temporal coverages, and reliance on assumptions. This study introduces a multimodal machine learning framework to generate a high-resolution (0.1°, daily), long-term

Water use efficiency (WUE) represents a crucial parameter and a major source of error influencing the accuracy of evapotranspiration separation through flux variance similarity (FVS). However, there is a paucity of studies investigating the application of FVS for the separation of evapotranspiration across multiple plantations, thereby constraining our understanding of water use strategies in plantation

Water and carbon fluxes are two vital ecological factors used for evaluating the sustainable development of farmland ecosystems, especially in water resources scarce regions. This study investigated the daily water and CO2 fluxes in four sprinkler irrigated winter wheat seasons using an eddy covariance system from 2019 to 2023 in the North China Plain (NCP) to quantify daily and seasonal field crop

Organic amendment strategies significantly influence soil microbial community structure and functional activity, particularly in salt-affected agroecosystems. However, the mechanistic pathways by which organic substitution strategies regulate microbial resource utilization remain largely unexplored. This investigation examined the effects of organic fertilizer substitution on soil improvement and microbial

Agricultural drought-induced yield reductions threaten socioeconomic stability and food security. Reliable early warning systems are essential for mitigating these threats. However, agricultural drought early warning based on meteorological conditions remains poorly explored, and prevalent conditional probabilities for determining drought propagation thresholds are largely subjective. In this study

Polysaccharides are the key functional components in Polygonatum sibiricum. The aims of this investigation were to improve the extraction process, prepare the purified polysaccharide, explore its structural characteristics, and assess its potential against the H1N1 influenza virus. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows: an extraction temperature of 86 °C, an extraction duration

Accurately predicting grassland yields is essential for advancing precision agriculture. However, diverse environmental conditions, topographic variations, and sustainable and efficient management practices present significant challenges that can be addressed with the use of high spatial-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite data, agrometeorological information, and spatial and temporal stratification combined

Estimating site‐specific actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and crop coefficients (Kc ) could better assist in precise irrigation management and in balancing the limited water resources in semiarid and arid regions. However, most of the traditional methods have limitations for small agricultural plots and shelterbelts, which are the major land‐use types in these regions. A soil moisture data‐driven method

Short-term drought dynamics are critical for agricultural production and water resource management, yet the complex role of diurnal temperature range (DTR), as a key climate variable influencing surface energy and water cycles, remains poorly understood in drought processes. This study addresses this gap by integrating a high-resolution meteorological dataset (1961–2022) into a SHapley Additive exPlanations

The gravimetric method is the most precise and intuitive technique for measuring the total soil water-soluble salt (TS). However, its application in intensive testing tasks is limited by the time-consuming suction filtration process. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the efficiency of the traditional gravimetric method by replacing the suction filtration process with the centrifugation technique

Both root system architecture (RSA) and localized P application near the roots play significant roles in sustainable P management in agriculture. However, the interplay between RSA and localized P application remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate their interaction for lowland rice production.

Diversifying crops and reducing tillage can enhance the environmental health of agroecosystems, consequently improving crop performance over time. We report data from the Triplett-Van Doren No-Tillage and Crop Rotation Experiment, one of the longest-running replicated agricultural experiments in the United States, to evaluate the impact of no-tillage and crop rotation on corn and soybean yields over

Afforestation has been regarded as a potentially effective strategy for the mitigation of climate warming. China has the largest planted forest area worldwide benefited by a series of large-scale afforestation and reforestation project since the 1970s. The planted forests (PF) have been widely reported as an enduring carbon sink. However, the climatic regulation effect of PF on climate through biophysical

High nitrogen (N) fertiliser input in Chinese sugarcane production has substantially increased the risk of reactive N (Nr) loss and crop productivity improvement for a long time. However, there is no comprehensive study of sustainable N management on different N loss pathways in a high N input cropping system of China. Here, a field experiment with 5 treatments (control (CK); conventional urea (OPT;

Cottonseed is rich in microelements that are beneficial for human health. However, research on microelement concentrations in cottonseed remains limited. The distributions of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in cottonseeds were analyzed across multiple years and locations using a genetic population of 276 cotton accessions. The results revealed that cottonseed microelement

Midst increasing global demand for livestock products, grassland-livestock systems face challenges including pasture degradation and climate change. The introduction of nitrogen (N)-fixing legumes into grass monocultures addresses these challenges and may sustain or increase livestock production with fewer off-farm inputs. This 10-yr study assessed N fertilization level and legume integration effects

Pesticide application is an indispensable part of crop production, but its negative impact on the agricultural eco-systems should be carefully examined. In this study, we investigated field drainage discharge and pesticide losses in a rice growing area between 2018 and 2020 in the lower Yangtze River plain, Eastern China. As the local pest control protocol adopts a pre-irrigation practice to pond the

Irrigation Modernization is promoted to save water in many countries, because of its proven achievement of higher efficiencies on the field level. However, the potential of irrigation modernization in achieving water savings on the basin level is contentious. Whether it also improves the Nile basin system efficiency is studied in this paper by simulating Egypt's Nile River water balance using the River

Understanding water uptake, soil water storage, and desiccation patterns of vegetation in northwest China’s semiarid and desert regions can manage the soil water cycle. However, the seasonal variations in plant water uptake across different vegetation types are not well understood. Here, we examined the sources of water for four vegetation types (artificial forest, alfalfa pasture, cropland, and natural

Plant intercropping has emerged as a prevalent strategy for remediating cadmium (Cd) contaminated farmland, though its synergistic application with soil amendments remains underexplored, especially in aquatic ecosystems. This study examined how industrial by-product amendments and intercropping with high-Cd (Cho-ko-koku) and low-Cd rice (C-772) cultivars influenced Cd accumulation and yield. The results

In semi-arid regions, erratic rainfall and water losses through percolation are causing low yields of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) grown on sandy soils. This study evaluated the effects of soil moisture management and different plant densities across four cropping seasons on rainfed maize performance. The study was conducted on a smallholder farm with sandy soils in a semi-arid district of Mutare, Zimbabwe

Excessive precipitation can reduce crop yields and threaten global food security. Optimizing field management practices to decrease soil moisture levels under excessive precipitation regions is crucial for minimizing yield losses.

Biofertilizers contain active microorganisms and plant growth-regulating compounds and contribute to the improvement of soil microbial communities and the promotion of crop yields. However, the impact of biofertilizers (containing Bacillus subtilis) on microbial communities, nitrogen cycling, and cotton yields under varying irrigation salinity remains unclear.

Gerbera hybrida features petals rich in anthocyanins, which are recognized as valuable sources of colorants, antioxidants, and natural coatings. The petals of the G.hybrida cultivar ‘Hongyun’ exhibit a distinct bi-color pattern, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of MYB transcription factors in anthocyanin biosynthesis and petal pigmentation

Chemical treatments are conducted in this study to modify lignocellulosic composition and to improve the surface characteristics and mechanical properties of the decorticated and retted Alberta (AB)-based hemp fibers, which are investigated for the first time to meet the standards required for the composite material applications. A detailed approach was adopted where physical and chemical treatments

Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC is a Chinese herbal medicine with high medicinal value, and its dried rhizomes are widely utilized in traditional medicine. The primary active constituents of A. lancea include sesquiterpenoids and polyacetylenes, such as atractylodin, atractylon, and β-eudesmol. The preponderance of A. lancea available in the commercial market is cultivated in fields, resulting in diminished

Moso bamboo is the most widely distributed and economically important bamboo species in China, it provides essential resources for food and industrial applications while demonstrating significant carbon sequestration capacity. However, urbanization and increasing labor costs have led to the abandonment of Moso bamboo forests. Understanding the ecological parameters of Moso bamboo at both the individual