The Beibu Gulf and its surroundings represent a significant intraplate seismic zone in the northwest of the South China Sea. Historically, this region has experienced at least 15 M > 5 earthquakes and 4 M > 6 events, including a devastating M7.5 earthquake in 1605. Despite the serious earthquake risk in this seismic zone, few studies have focused on the moderate to strong earthquake sequences, resulting

The 6 February 2023 earthquake sequence along the East Anatolian Fault (EAF, Mw 7.8) and Çardak fault (CF, Mw 7.6) in southern Turkiye reveals the importance of seismic gaps and fault segments interaction. Both large earthquakes show shallow hypocentres (<15 km), strike-slip mechanisms, with the NE-SW trending Golbaşi-Kahramanmaraş-Karasu fault segments reaching ∼350 km and the E-W trending Çardak

The Xianshuihe-Anninghe-Zemuhe (XAZ) fault system acts as the eastern boundary of the Chuan-Dian block, and it separates the Chuan-Dian block from the Songpan-Ganzi block (SGB) and the Yangtze block. Due to the SE-ward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau, strong crustal deformation has occurred in the XAZ fault system and its vicinity. Although many studies on crustal deformation have been conducted in

Continental Flood Basalts, Seaward Dipping Reflectors (SDRs), and oceanic plateaus or seamounts often occur in close geographic proximity. In South America, the Paraná-Etendeka Continental Flood Basalts are followed by SDR-related magmatism, and even after the formation of oceanic crust, anomalous magmatism persists in the region, as seen in the Walvis Ridge and Rio Grande Rise. This study investigates

Rifting of pre-existing oceanic lithosphere in subduction systems plays a crucial role in understanding oceanic crust formation, yet it remains inadequately studied. The Central Basin Fault (CBF) in the West Philippine Basin (WPB), a hyper-extensional center that developed subsequent to the primary seafloor spreading phase, offers an exceptional setting for investigating oceanic rifting processes.

The European lithosphere is highly heterogeneous, with significant velocity contrasts across the continent. Despite its complexity, much of its detailed structure remains unexplored. We present azimuthally anisotropic phase-velocity maps of Rayleigh waves in the period range 4–40 s for Europe, derived from two years (2011−2012) of continuous waveform data from the Virtual European Broadband Seismic

Large-scale fluid injection during hydraulic fracturing may cause seismic activity during deep geothermal and shale gas development. Constraining the relationship between frictional stability and permeability evolution of fractures is critical since it may provide an indicator to predict frictional behaviors based on monitoring hydraulic evolution. However, the relationship between frictional stability

The Rukwa Rift Basin (RRB) in the southwestern Tanzania presents favourable geological conditions for the occurrence and accumulation of helium gas. However, the evolution and dynamics of these favourable conditions in relation to helium remain complex. In this study, laboratory- cored samples, 2D seismic reflection data, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and well data are integrated to map the distribution

The Yishu fault zone is the main part of the Tanlu fault zone, located between the Luxi Uplift, Jiaonan Uplift, and the Sulu Orogen. The tectonic environment is highly complex in this region, where the seismic activities are the most intense within the Tanlu fault zone. Studying the distribution of crustal thickness and density structure in this region is of significant practical importance for understanding

The Parnaíba Basin, in northeastern Brazil, is one of the most significant intracratonic basins on the South American platform. Its formation, driven by vertical thermal and mechanical processes has been extensively studied, however, the internal structural configuration remains subject of debate. Magnetotellurics (MT) is a geophysical method that provides information about the geo-electric internal

Salt diapirs are of interest due to their unique properties that make them ideal for secure, long-term subsurface storage, including for CO2, natural gas, and radioactive waste. However, their utilization requires an understanding of their structure, which can be achieved with geophysical imaging. It is often a challenge to delineate salt diapirs with seismic reflection methods; therefore, we employ

We investigate seismic discontinuities across the middle of Earth's mantle beneath a large seismic array that spans the North American continent. We provide robust constraints on the depth distribution, sharpness, and spatial variation of seismic discontinuities by processing high-resolution Ps-converted seismic waves (∼0.5 Hz) through a novel denoising filter called CRISP-RF (Clean Receiver function

Evidences of tectonic deformation from the Pliocene to the Quaternary are evaluated on the northern Gulf Cadiz continental margin along the eastern Algarve continental shelf between the Guadiana River and Faro city, in a regional compressive context close to the Eurasia-Africa plate boundary. We studied an extensive set of 2D high-resolution seismic reflection profiles framed within previously published

Sheet silicates play an important role in shaping crustal rheology and shear localization at shallow depths through their low strength. However, their effect at deeper levels (>3 km) remains unclear. We conducted hydrothermal ring shear experiments on three simulated gouges with similar quartz content but varying mica types and contents. Applied temperatures T ranged from 20 to 650 °C, with sliding

Slates play a key role in understanding the seismic anisotropy of the continental crust, a crucial aspect of geophysical interpretation. Using a comprehensive set of high-quality single-foliated chlorite-bearing roofing slates, we determined their typical seismic properties via mineral fractions and orientation distribution functions using the geometric mean averaging method. Our study focused on identifying

This study investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of a deep short-term slow slip event (SSE) in southwest Japan using three geodetic data types: tilt, strain, and GNSS. Because tilt and strain data are more sensitive to crustal deformation than GNSS data, their joint use enables us to estimate the detailed spatiotemporal evolution of SSE slip. In addition, a higher sampling rate of tilt and strain

Here, we present the energy budget analysis that links seismic focal mechanisms to the development of geological structures in numerical granular rock box experiments, utilizing a discrete element method simulation approach. The model simulates the horizontal shortening of a thin 3D granular rock layer on a geological-scale (100 km × 0.25 km × 2 km), with a maximum element radius of 12.5 m. This simulation

Stylolites are tooth-like planar pressure solution features common in carbonate sedimentary rocks that cause intrinsic heterogeneities and result in boundary layers often parallel to bedding. As such they impact the propagation of acoustic waveforms and energy at the laboratory scale within the host rock matrix. Through a series of tests on cylindrical limestone samples with varying layers of stylolites

This study investigates subsurface pore pressures in the Irpinia region of southern Apennines, Italy, one of the central Mediterranean areas with the highest seismic activity. The Apennine thrust belt consists of stacked thrust sheets formed from both deep- and shallow-water environments during the pre-orogenic phase and later involved in the Neogene compressional phase. In the ongoing post-orogenic

Cratons are generally considered the most stable parts of the lithosphere. However, recent studies have shown that some cratons have undergone significant thinning and even destruction. The destruction of the eastern part of the North China Craton has been documented through numerous geological, geochemical, and geophysical investigations. Yet, the exact mechanism behind this extensive thinning remains

Investigating the multi-stage tectonic evolution of fold-and-thrust belts (FTBs) remains a significant challenge. In particular, the evolution of its internal structures and the mechanisms that govern deformation propagation require further research. This study focuses on the Ziliujing anticline located in the southwestern Sichuan Basin, China. It provides an in-depth analysis of the structural development

The Vitória-Trindade Ridge and the Abrolhos Magmatic Province are located in southeastern Brazil, between the coast of Brazil and the mid-ocean ridge of the Atlantic Ocean. The origin of Vitória-Trindade Ridge is debated; therefore, we conducted the lithospheric structure and mantle heterogeneity model along two east-west transects that cross the Abrolhos Magmatic Province in the Brazilian Continental

Reconstructing the geological configuration around a major fault prior to its movement is essential for understanding regional tectonics and estimating total fault displacement. We aimed to reconstruct and validate the geological distribution across the Itoigawa–Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL), central Japan, based on a metamorphic thermal analysis of the surrounding basement metamorphic rocks. The thermal

This study presents a comprehensive approach to fault-related folding by integrating multiple kinematic models into a unified framework. Fault-parallel flow, inclined shear, classical fault-bend folding (flexural-slip fault bend folding), and backlimb trishear are combined within this methodology. Hanging-wall particle velocities are computed based on the asymmetry of the axial trace relative to the

We present a new seismic zoning model for the territory of Finland and adjacent areas in northern Europe for the purpose of seismic hazard mapping. The target region, mostly situated in the stable continental region of the Fennoscandian Shield, exhibits predominantly earthquakes below moment magnitude 3.0. We have delineated area seismic source zones by fusing seismological, geological, and geophysical

Tectonic tremor occurs in frequent episodes throughout northern Cascadia, typically during slow slip events deep in the subduction zone. Adequately constraining tremor source depths is a challenge associated with using low-amplitude, emergent waveforms. In this study, we present a tremor catalogue with improved depth resolution computed using the differential traveltime Bayesian inversion method, where

The Balapur Fault is one of the most studied faults within the Kashmir Basin due to its possible role in future seismicity and its proximity to the population center in the NW Himalaya. This study utilizes the multidisciplinary approach of Persistent Scatterer InSAR and gravity analysis to study the surface kinematics and subsurface characteristics of the fault structure. Over 200 Sentinel-1 scenes

The Koyna-Warna region in western Maharashtra, India, continues to experience seismic activity, even six decades after the impoundment of Koyna Reservoir. The seismicity of Koyna region is primarily linked to the Donichawadi fault zone, which ruptured the surface during the 1967 M6.3 Koyna earthquake. In 2017, a 3 km-deep scientific borehole (Koyna Pilot Borehole, KFD1) was drilled, revealing subsurface

We use crustal-scale physical analogue modelling to investigate the effect of mechanical and structural inheritance on the surface uplift of fold-and-thrust belts. Our study includes inversion of a pre-defined basin and platform structure of varying geometry and strength as well as that of a structurally controlled heterogeneity at the model-base. Our experiments represent multiply deformed continental

Although there are a great number of research and publications on empirical amplitude, distance and magnitude scaling laws, none of them have ever considered the near- and far-field effects of displacement functions of seismic waves. We use the GEONET GNSS data collected from the 2011 Tohoku Mw9.0 earthquake to resolve the inconsistency between empirical amplitude, distance and magnitude scaling laws

The physical property structure of the crustal medium exerts a significant control on the formation of seismic gaps and the associated strong earthquake risk. Using EMAG2-v3 magnetic anomaly grids and 5561 field outcrop rock magnetic susceptibility data, we inverted the 0.1 × 0.10 3D magnetic structure of the Sichuan-Yunnan region. Based on this structure, we analyzed its influence on regional tectonic

We explore the lithospheric strength in the Graham Land region of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) through the integration of geological and geophysical data with numerical modeling. We used GNSS data and Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) models to derive velocity and strain fields, while rheological parameters and geothermal heat flow (GHF) provided constraints for calculating the lithospheric strength

We investigate crustal structure in the southeastern coastal basins of Tanzania and the Mozambique Coastal Plain (MCP), which formed during the breakup of Gondwana, using P-wave receiver functions and Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements. Sediment thicknesses, Moho depths, and the amount of crustal thinning that occurred during basin formation along the passive margin of eastern Africa are poorly

The Curnamona Province in southern Australia is a 90,000 km2 Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic craton that rifted from the Gawler Craton in the Neoproterozoic and is now separated by the Adelaide Rift Complex sediments in the Flinders Ranges. Three-component passive seismic data were collected over 30 days at 135 stations spaced approximately 25 km with sample rate of 2 ms and a natural frequency

Many earthquake nests (regions of highly concentrated seismicity isolated from nearby activity) exist beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan. The largest and most active nest is the Tokyo Bay earthquake nest located at depths of 60–70 km in the northern part of Tokyo Bay. The largest earthquake in the Tokyo Bay earthquake nest was an M6 earthquake over the last ∼20 years. However, it is considered

The Zhenghe-Dapu fault (ZDF), situated in the Cathaysia Block of South China, has played a major role in the tectono-magmatic and geothermal activities in the region since Mesozoic-Cenozoic. However, the regional topography restricts the availability of surface heat flow data, hindering lithospheric thermal structure studies. Therefore, we used a broadband and long-period magnetotelluric profile with

We performed a 3-D AI-based structural interpretation of a seismic image volume derived from 3-D prestack time migration, and delineated fault geometries and the subsidiary Riedel shear fractures within the sedimentary overburden associated with the North Anatolian Fault System (NAFS) in the western half of Marmara Basin, Türkiye. We thus inferred existence of dextral strike-slip basement fault segments

The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) presents a spectrum of rift sector evolution from embryonic continental rifting in the south to incipient oceanic spreading in the north. The central sector of the MER (CMER) remains relatively immature, characterized by strain accommodation through border faults, axial magmatic segments, and off-rift magmatic zones. However, understanding of the tectonic and magmatic

The geological analysis of the Samos Island region, particularly the Samos Basin, based on seismic profiling, has revealed a complex tectonic history marked by significant deformation and seismic activity. The Mw 7.0 earthquake in October 2020 is linked to the activation of the E-W marginal fault, resulting in the formation of a south-tilted half-graben. This was followed by aftershocks ranging from

In this passive seismic tomography study, we examined the seismic structure of the African slab beneath the Antalya coast, extending from the Isparta Angle to the island of Cyprus, using regional data. The southern part of Turkey, adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea, has a highly complex structure due to a wide range of tectonic and geodynamic processes, contributing to the high seismic activity of the

The exploration of hidden structures beneath complex tectonic regions using potential field edge detection techniques poses a significant challenge. Traditional edge enhancement methods encounter inherent limitations, such as generating low-resolution outcomes or heavily depending on source depth. To overcome these challenges, we introduced an innovative edge detector called the Enhanced Horizontal

Widespread andesitic volcanism with several eruption centres occurred during the Middle Miocene in the Cserhát Hills, central – northern Hungary. In this time, an extensive dyke system developed in the area, where some dykes have exposed maximum length of 23 km, and maximum width of 25 m. This dyke system shows a change in its strike from E–W to NNW–SSE. Here we integrate new and previous field observations

The fine shallow velocity model of the Tangshan Fault Zone (TSFZ) is of paramount importance in understanding the intricate geological structure and seismogenesis in this area. In this study, a dense seismic array consisting of 110 short-period seismometers was deployed in the TSFZ for ∼2 months. With this dataset, a 3-D shallow structure model deep to 4 km with the highest resolution up to now are

The Bayan Har block in central Tibetan Plateau is characterized by low historical seismicity and has rarely experienced M6+ earthquakes. However, on June 10, 2022, at 01:28 AM (UTC + 8), an Ms6.0 earthquake struck Maerkang in Sichuan Province, China, within the Bayan Har block. Four foreshocks and eight aftershocks with magnitudes greater than 3 occurred during the week of the mainshock with the largest

We utilize the H-k stacking technique on P-wave receiver functions from 38 seismic stations to estimate the crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio in the NW Himalaya and the adjoining Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). We observe varying crustal thickness from ∼29 km in the IGP to ∼50–60 km in the Higher Himalayan Crystalline Zone. An abrupt crustal thickening of ∼47–54 km observed near Jwalamukhi Thrust is due

The Makran Subduction Zone is unusual, with an ENE-WSW trending volcanic arc that is nonparallel to its ∼E-W trending accretionary prism. The discrepancy has been attributed to an eastward reduction of the subduction angle. To assess this theory, we relocated 146 moderate to large earthquakes in the region during the period 1968 to 2022. We found that in eastern Makran, the region with intermediate-depth

The Precambrain basement of the North China Craton (NCC) was formed through the merger of micro-continental blocks, the amalgamation mode of which has remained debated. To provide further insights and better understand the underground structures, we construct a more detailed shear wave velocity model of crust and uppermost mantle in the central and western NCC using multimodal ambient noise tomography

The northern margin of Hispaniola features an accretionary prism with morphological structures shaped by tectonic, hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes in oblique convergence between North American and Caribbean plates. The HAITISIS data in the northern Caribbean plate boundary elucidate the relationships between fault-driven tectonic activity, seafloor morphology, and effects of transpressional

The Lyngen Magmatic Complex (Northern Norway) marks a major discontinuity in the metamorphic gradient of the North Norwegian Caledonides nappe sequence. The Lyngen Magmatic Complex preserves pre- and syn-collisional structures and parageneses of the Caledonian orogeny. This study differentiates the two deformation events and offers a tectono-metamorphic model for the region, using a combination of

Due to the limitations of interpolation methods in areas with sparse data points and highly heterogeneous spatial distributions, this study employs the Gradient Boosted Regression Tree (GBRT) method to predict the terrestrial heat-flow distribution across mainland China. The model is trained using available heat-flow data, with regional geophysical and geological information incorporated as constraints

The olivine fabric is commonly used to infer mantle flow directions from seismic anisotropy. Despite this, the response of olivine fabric to variations in high pressure, stress, olivine water content—and its subsequent impact on seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle — remains ambiguous. Here we studied 27 peridotite xenoliths from the adjacent Jericho and Muskox kimberlite pipes in the northern Slave

Seismic Electric Signal (SES) refers to pre-earthquake geoelectric anomalies that may serve as precursors to seismic events. The detection and analysis of SES variations are crucial for short-term earthquake forecast. This study examines possible geoelectric changes observed before the aftershocks following the major earthquakes of February 6, 2023, in the Kahramanmaraş region, located at the southwestern

An electrical resistivity profile of the basement of the northeastern region of the Neuquén Basin and overlying units based on magnetotelluric data is presented. The data were obtained from the area where the basalts of the Payenia magmatic province cover the surface of the Eastern Platform near the basin edge. The exploration of the hydrocarbon potential in the Neuquén Basin has led to extensive investigations

The Paleozoic Eifel Fold and Thrust Belt is part of the northern Variscan Deformation Front. Due to erosion, parts of its uppermost layers have been removed, enabling direct seismic reflection imaging of its internal deformation pattern in the upper crust utilizing seismic reflection imaging techniques. Reprocessing of the BELCORP-DEKORP seismic reflection line 1A from 1987 reveals previously undocumented

The orogenic evolution of the western Pyrenees and its relationship with ancient rift architecture are well-studied and therefore represent a natural laboratory for investigating the link between structural inheritance and the distribution of present-day seismicity. In this study, we use an automated method to detect and pick P and S waves from local earthquakes to characterize the distribution of

The shallow structure of the Lökbatan mud volcano region was explored via direct current resistivity method. Primary focus was on investigating the thickness of mud volcano material along the volcano vent and its surroundings. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) data were measured using a Schlumberger electrode array. A two-dimensional (2D) inverse solution was applied to the VES data of each profile

The Himalayan-Tibetan Collision Zone (HTCZ) is one of the most geodynamically active regions on Earth, shaped by the continuous collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. This study analyzes the prevailing crustal stress and deformation patterns across the HTCZ by integrating earthquake focal mechanism solutions (FMS) with velocity data from the geodetic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

The northeastern margin of the South China Sea (SCS) is characterized by a tectonic shift from subduction in the south to arc-continent collision in the north. We describe the intraplate crustal-scale structure and deformation along a 256-km-long wide-angle reflection/refraction line perpendicular to the Manila Trench (MT). It is found that 1) the subducting plate of the northeast SCS comprises thinned

Using the vertical component seismograms of 1583 events recorded by 1712 broadband stations in the SeisDmc and the ChinArray projects, Rayleigh wave phase velocities at 20–160 s periods of the North China Craton were estimated through Eikonal tomography. Phase velocities at 8–50 s periods and group velocities at 10–140 s periods from previous studies were included as an augmentation of our Rayleigh