Landslides and rockfalls frequently result from the weakening of soft rocks, with marl deterioration being particularly noteworthy. Most research on marl weathering has predominantly relied on laboratory simulations, leaving its natural behavior inadequately explored. This study investigates the impact of thermal weathering on marls at the La Cornalle Molasse rock wall in Epesse, Switzerland, which

Vertical cutoff walls at heavy metal contaminated sites are subjected to coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical effects. In this study, a series of oedometer compression, permeability and solute transport tests were conducted to investigate the hydro-mechanical behavior and Cr(VI) containment performance of sand-red clay-bentonite backfill. Mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP) and field emission scanning electron

Regarding whether submarine landslides' mobility decreases linearly or varies non-monotonically with increasing clay content in current studies is still under debate. To address this issue and further investigate the long-runout distance mechanism of submarine landslides, we conducted experiments with clay content ranging from 5 % to 30 % in a flume with an inclination angle of 10°. Through analysis

Microcapsules have great potential in developing more durable and reliable cutoff wall materials. This study produced two types of microcapsules, including single-walled and double-walled, using sodium silicate as the core material, which demonstrated advantageous chemical structures, thermal stability, and rheological properties. An innovative self-healing geopolymer cutoff wall backfill (SHGCWB)

Climate change increases the frequency of extreme weather events, intensifying shallow flow-type landslides, soil erosion in mountainous regions, and slope failures in coastal areas. Vegetation and biopolymers are explored for ecological slope protection; however, these approaches often face limitations such as extended growth cycles and inconsistent reinforcement. This study investigates the potential

Water hazards pose significant risks in complex geological conditions encountered during tunnel construction. Therefore, it is necessary to assess and detect water hazards in tunnels with greater precision. This paper proposes an inversion method of full-decay induced polarization (FDIP) with physical law constraints for assessing water inrush hazards. This method innovatively adds physical law constraints

Current co-seismic landslide evaluations predominantly employ machine learning methods, with peak ground acceleration (PGA) serving as the primary covariate for assessing landslide impacts. However, existing research often overlooks the effects of vertical ground motions, focusing solely on horizontal PGA, which does not reflect real-world conditions. To address this gap, we utilize actual ground shaking

Permeability (k) is crucial for subsurface fluid flow, but predicting k-values in tight sandstones remains challenging due to their complex pore structure and heterogeneity. Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise, it faces significant challenges, including limited high-quality data, high computational costs, and unclear prediction mechanisms. This study proposes a sparse data-driven knowledge

High-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) offers a precise and non-destructive method for assessing the distribution of internal soil fractures. This research develops a non-destructive fracture GPR testing platform for low-permeability contaminated soil to acquire GPR B-scan images under authentic environmental conditions. The reliable dataset of soil GPR image is collected. Furthermore, an Improved

Geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) structures are extensively employed in infrastructure for mitigating geological disasters and facilitating restoration. Despite their widespread use, the seismic design of GRS structures requires further refinement. This study investigates the potential of three-dimensional modifications to geosynthetics for enhancing geosynthetic–soil interaction strength, extending

The frequent occurrence of extreme rainfall events often triggers levee slope failure (LSF), which, due to the “levee effect”, significantly damages the roads behind the levee. This paper presents a novel framework for the quantitative risk assessment of roads posed by LSF. Within the framework, the innovative integration of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and Material point method (MPM) provides a unique

Back-analysis of ground motion characteristics, such as earthquake magnitude and peak ground accelerations, in paleoliquefaction studies are most commonly based on empirical CPT- and/or SPT-based correlations that estimate the liquefaction resistance of soil materials of relevance. Laboratory triaxial cyclic tests have not been explored for this purpose to date. Our study investigates the liquefaction

This paper investigates the use of muon imaging technique (muography) to enhance engineering geological surveys, integrated with advanced geomatic methods like LiDAR systems and UAV-based digital photogrammetry, for detecting and characterizing cavities in an historical and partially abandoned mining site. The case study focuses on the Temperino mine, located within the Archaeological and Mining Park

Internal erosion, which involves the detachment and migration of soil particles from the soil matrix driven by seepage flow, occurs frequently in natural slopes, dikes and many other geotechnical and hydraulic structures. Previous studies primarily focused on soil internal erosion under the isotropic stress state and monotonic hydraulic loadings. However, the soil in engineering practices is under

The Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) is commonly used to evaluate liquefaction hazards in sandy soils, but is not applicable to gravelly soils. In addition, the choice of liquefaction prediction methods and the form of depth weighting functions may greatly affect the result of the LPI calculation. Meanwhile, the quartile thresholding method, for classifying the LPI values into hazard levels, suffers

Understanding the interaction between rock joints and tunnel boring machines (TBMs) is crucial for efficient and safe tunnelling operations, particularly in complex geological conditions like jointed sandstones. To reveal the tunnelling response in jointed sandstones, this study develops a novel TBM tunnelling test platform, DGTBM-A, to simulate and analyze TBM performance within jointed rock strata

The generation of excess pore water pressure (EPWP) and liquefaction characteristic of soils under seismic loading have long been topics of interest and ongoing discussion. Based on the structural state exhibited in the liquefaction process, the mechanical property of saturated coral sand is divided into solid, pseudo–fluid, and liquid phases. New indices, ζq (generalized deviator strain evolution)

A probabilistic approach is proposed to determine the intensity-duration (ID) rainfall thresholds for rainstorm-induced shallow landslides. The uncertainties of the local rainfall and the geotechnical properties of individual slopes are considered. The long-term precipitation records were statistically analysed to identify local rainfall patterns and obtain the joint probability distribution of key

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the interaction mechanism between aqueous foam and unsaturated granite residual soil during conditioning. Contact filter paper tests and undrained shear tests were used to analyze foam's effects on soil water retention and shear behavior, while surface tension tests, capillary rise tests, and microscopic observations examined the role of soil particles

Freeze–thaw cycles in cold regions induce complex thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) interactions that challenge infrastructure stability. Existing monitoring techniques often lack the spatial resolution and multi-parameter capability needed to capture these coupled processes comprehensively. This study develops an integrated monitoring system combining fiber optic and conventional sensors to achieve distributed

River/lake dredged sediments (RLDS) pose significant challenges for geotechnical applications due to their high organic content (including non-humus), microbial activity, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which hinder conventional dewatering methods such as vacuum preloading. This study investigates heating-assisted vacuum preloading (HAVP) as an enhanced approach to improve RLDS dewatering

Time domain induced polarization (TDIP) has emerged as potential and effective geophysical method for delineating contaminated sites owing to its cost effectiveness and information continuity, in addition to the advantage of providing more parameter information to reduce uncertainty. However, the information content of different TDIP datasets (partial integral and full decay) is unclear and thus, the

Rock avalanches are highly destructive events that occur in mountainous regions, leading to damage and casualties. However, predicting their propagation remains challenging due to the insufficient analysis of controlling parameters. This study aims to analyze the main parameters influencing rock avalanche propagation using a machine learning-based approach. We utilized an inventory of rock avalanches

Earthquake-induced landslides pose significant threats in mountainous regions, but the spatial variability of ground motions, a critical factor influencing landslide dynamics, is often overlooked in existing studies. This study introduces a novel physics-based framework that integrates the spectral element method (SEM), the finite element method (FEM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to simulate

Fracture distribution variation within rock masses is an important characteristic that must be considered to improve Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) modeling accuracy for predicting hydraulic behavior. However, few studies have examined its impact on permeability differences within the rock masses. This study explored the variations in both fracture properties and permeability within the rock masses

In underground engineering, rock masses are often in complex three-dimensional stress field and hydrochemical corrosion environment, leading to mechanical deterioration and challenges in stability assessment and disaster prediction. This study conducted true triaxial static shear and disturbance shear tests on the corroded limestone under different acidic environments to investigate shear strength

Cyclic loading from earthquakes, construction activities, blasting, or rock bursts can pose significant stability challenges to both surface and underground geotechnical projects. Understanding the fatigue properties and failure mechanisms of rocks under such loads is therefore essential. This study first reviews the deformation and microcracking characteristics, influencing factors, and current advances

In arid and semi-arid regions, the function of a monolithic store-release soil cover for mine tailings with a thin thickness is underpinned by its capability of limiting net percolation and preventing salt capillary rise from hypersaline residue into the overlying cover, which is critical for mine closure and rehabilitation. An instrumented column filled with 600 mm of well-graded silty sand overlying

Soil desiccation cracks and crack networks significantly influence the mechanical properties of soils. Accurate modeling and prediction of crack development are essential for both laboratory research and practical applications in geotechnical engineering and environmental science. In this study, a Desiccation Crack Simulation Program (DCSP) was developed on the MATLAB platform to simulate the evolution

Estimating the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is essential for understanding soil behavior related in geological and geotechnical, and environmental engineering. This study was designed to evaluate and compare metaheuristic methods (cuckoo search optimization (CSO) and grey wolf optimization (GWO)) with automated methods (Bayesian optimization (BO) and grid search (GS)) for tuning hyperparameters

Internal erosion poses a significant threat to the safety of the water-retaining structures. Due to its subterranean nature, the process of internal erosion is difficult to observe directly and evaluate properly, even when typical erosion signatures are captured at the surface. Therefore, predicting internal erosion or elucidating the underlying mechanisms of superficial erosion indicators remain considerable

To accurately characterize the intrinsic relationship between pore structure and seepage behavior in coral reef limestone (CRL), this study investigates four types of CRL with varying degrees of cementation. We employed CT scanning, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques, and equivalent pore network modelling to statistically analyze pore characteristic parameters. Pore network modelling

Impulse wave generation from landslides in mountain reservoirs is a considerable hazard. River bends significantly affect impulse wave propagation. In this work, on the basis of the river channel characteristics of the middle and lower Lancang River Basin, we design an generalized numerical model test with bends as the main variable. The effect of bends on impulse wave propagation is analyzed in detail

Rock Engineering (RE) projects in the Indian Himalayas often encounter sandstone formations within the Lesser, Siwalik, and Purvanchal ranges. Understanding Himalayan sandstone's petrographic, index, and mechanical properties, particularly in the Lesser, Siwalik, and Purvanchal ranges, is crucial for effectively planning and designing RE projects. This study establishes relationships between petrographic

Digital twin technology has emerged as a promising tool for effective geological hazards management in the digital era. By creating a digital replica that mirrors the real world, it enables real-scene restoration, timely disaster analysis, and coordinated decision-making. Presently, the maturity of slope digital twins remains low. A digital twin platform that can achieve prompt full-process landslide

Gypsum is a widely used industrial mineral with many applications, most notably in construction. In the extraction of gypsum as a raw material, compositional homogeneity is the main factor affecting the efficiency of the process. A good understanding of the deposit being exploited is paramount for effective planning of the quarrying activity. Currently, this characterization is achieved through drilling

Long-term geological processes have resulted in the formation of complex fracture networks within rock masses, posing significant safety risks to hydropower projects. One of the challenges in hydraulic geotechnics is constructing a discrete fracture network (DFN) model that accurately represents real geological conditions based on exploration data and to identify potential deformation and failure modes

The automatic, rapid, and accurate picking of P- and S-arrivals is crucial for fully automated processing of microseismic (MS) data. However, complex engineering environment with limited deployment resources and strong noise interference imposes significant challenges on automatic picking methods. To this end, this study proposes a lightweight and robust multi-scale CNN-Transformer hybrid network (MCTH-Net)

The laboratory experiment is an effective tool for the rapid assessment of the unsaturated soil slopes instability induced by extreme weather events. However, traditional experimental methods for unsaturated soils, including the measurement of the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC), soil hydraulic conductivity function (SHCF), shear strength envelope, etc., are time-consuming. To overcome this

Natural marine clays exhibit distinct dynamic behavior compared to remolded counterparts due to their inherent structural properties. Dynamic and static triaxial tests were conducted on both marine clay types to evaluate stress-strain behavior, double amplitude strains, pore water pressure, and dynamic elastic modulus, as well as post-cyclic strength attenuation. The results indicate that due to the

Global climate change has caused frequent extreme weather events, leading to the degradation of soil engineering properties. Eco-friendly biopolymer has been considered for soil reinforcement under extreme climate. This study investigates the effects of biopolymer amendment on soil mechanical properties under freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles. Direct shear tests were conducted on plain soil (PS) and biopolymer

CO2 storage in shale reservoirs has become increasingly important in the context of the problems posed by global warming. However, a clear understanding of the impact of pore heterogeneity of shale with different lithofacies on CO2 storage capacity is lacking. In this study, we examined the Paleogene shale in the Nanpu Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin as an example of a reservoir for CO2 storage. First,

Implementing a reliable rainfall infiltration model is crucial for predicting rainfall-induced slope failures, which are pivotal for disaster prevention and control. Although the classic Green-Ampt (GA) model is widely used, it does not account for the influence of multiple soil layers and the presence of transition layers formed during rainfall infiltration. This study introduces an improved and generalized

Ground subsidence is a common urban geological hazard in several regions worldwide. The settlement of loess fill foundations exhibits more complex subsidence issues under the coupled effects of geomechanical and seepage-driven processes. This study selected 21 ascending Sentinel-1 A radar images from April 2023 to October 2024 to monitor the loess fill foundation in Shaanxi, China. To minimize errors

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of a sparse measurement site is of paramount significance for the safety assessments or designing of the geotechnical structures. However, this task is often challenging because the site investigation data generally are sparse due to the limit budget, leading to large statistical uncertainties in the soil parameters. The challenge is further exacerbated by computational

Compacted clays are extensively used as cover barriers to control rainfall infiltration and upward migration of greenhouse gases at municipal solid waste landfills and volatile organic compounds at industrially contaminated sites. Xanthan gum (XG) amendment offers a green and low-carbon solution to improve gas breakthrough pressure and reduce gas permeability of compacted clays, sustainably improve

Understanding the mechanical behavior of block-in-matrix geomaterials (bim-materials) is crucial for estimating the stability and designing reinforcements for natural slopes. This behavior is primarily influenced by the volumetric block proportion (VBP). Typically, the VBP is estimated using in-situ 1D boring data, which can differ from the actual 3D VBP. To address this discrepancy, uncertainty factors

Hydraulic conductivity is a key parameter for describing seepage-related issues in soils. The soil water retention, soil water freezing, and soil water flow are essentially dominated by adsorption and capillarity. However, these mechanisms have not been effectively incorporated into a unified hydraulic conductivity model. This study proposes a hydraulic conductivity model based on the Navier-Stokes

While climate change and urban development in mountainous terrain continue to impact society through geo-mass transport phenomena, quantitative risk models must evolve and be communicated as clearly as possible to enhance the social appropriation of knowledge. Recent advancements in mass movement risk analysis equate external hazard intensity measures with the internal strength of buildings. However

With the continued development of water resources in Southwest China, fluctuations in water levels and rainfall have triggered numerous landslides. The potential hazards posed by these events have garnered considerable attention from the academic community, making it imperative to elucidate the landslide mechanisms under the combined influence of multiple factors. This study integrates laboratory tests

Assessing the seismic vulnerability of dams is crucial due to the significant risks posed to downstream populations in the event of earthquake-induced failures. Fragility analysis is an effective tool for estimating earthquake-induced damage, thereby playing a vital role in dam design and the prevention of catastrophic incidents. In this study, Cogswell dam, a Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam, is considered

In general, a slope is a statically indeterminate system of infinite order. In the framework of limit equilibrium methods, where the slip body is treated as a rigid body, non-physical assumptions about the internal forces must be introduced to make the system statically determinate. Different assumptions lead to distinct limit equilibrium methods, all of which can bring the slope into a limit equilibrium

The application of machine learning techniques to analyze large datasets enables mining companies to identify risks and allocate resources effectively, maintaining their competitive advantage. Specifically, software designed to predict the influence of geological factors on ornamental stone is crucial for cost reduction and resource optimization. This study explores an AI-based method to assess roofing

The co-development of saline aquifers and coal seams in sedimentary basins results in geomechanical conflicts when concurrently exploited in shared subsurface strata. However, reliable assessments of CO2 storage effects on coal mines are limited by uncertainties associated with the mechanical and physical characteristics of deep rock formations. Studies have developed advanced hydraulic-mechanical

The present study examines the combined effect of anisotropic foliations and weathering on the strength and deformation characteristics of the three grades of weathered Himalayan gneiss (fresh, slightly, and moderately weathered) from Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India. The study's novelty is that it links the triaxial strength of weathered gneiss with suitable chemical weathering indices (Plagioclase

Understanding the anisotropic characteristics and failure mechanisms of jointed rock masses is essential for reliable stability evaluation in rock engineering. However, accurately quantifying the influence of in-situ stress on the mechanical properties and failure modes of such systems remains a challenging and unresolved issue. To address this gap, we developed a discrete fracture network (DFN) model

With the extension of service life of rocky slopes such as hydropower stations and mines, their surrounding slopes need to be reconstructed. In this study, a new range of blasting damage determination is proposed and the cumulative damage of multistage blasting is quantified by the excavation disturbance factor D. Taking Baihetan Hydropower Station as an example, the results show that: In one-stage

Research on non-darcian flow behavior in fractured media is fundamental to understanding the governing laws flows in natural fractured aquifers, which is especially relevant in geothermal reservoir modeling. Although the Darcy model is utilized to describe slow flows in these geometries, quantitative descriptions of two-phase flows involving non-darcian effects in rough vertical fractures have received

Rockfall hazards pose a significant threat to bridge safety in mountainous regions. While existing studies often separate geological hazard analysis from structural vulnerability assessments, leading to inaccurate risk evaluations. Despite advancements in rockfall trajectory modeling and structural impact simulations, limited integration of these disciplines hinders the precise quantification of bridge

In western China, longwall mining faces (LMFs) are usually equipped with a large cross-section pre-excavation recovery room (PRR). This type of entry is commonly reinforced with pumpable supports (PPS). This study investigates the stress and field failure behavior of the PPS, as well as the internal fracture mode of the roof above the PRR. A UDEC model has been developed and validated against field