Excessive moisture within subgrade layers significantly diminishes subgrade stiffness and induces pavement deformation. A multilayer wicking fabric (WF) composed of deeply grooved fibers was developed to regulate moisture in unsaturated fine-grained soils. This study introduces a novel methodology for determining the water retention curve (WRC) over the full suction range. At the same time, an efficient

In performance-based design, it is crucial to understand deformation characteristics of geocell layers in soil under footing loads. To explore this, a series of laboratory loading tests were carried out to investigate the influence of varying parameters on the strain levels within the geocell layer in a sandy soil under axial strip footing loading. The results were analyzed in terms of maximum strain

For artificial solidified crust (ASC)–vertical drain ground, an analytical consolidation solution (IB solution: regarding ASC as an impervious boundary) is proposed, which considers both the radial and vertical seepage. The orthogonal relation is proven and the computing efficiency is greatly improved. Then, consolidation solutions applicable to ASC–vertical drain ground, include IB solution, RDL solution

The geotechnical behavior of undisturbed peat subgrade within geogrid-reinforced foundation systems remains inadequately understood, despite its high compressibility and engineering complexities. This study conducts a systematic investigation into the bearing capacity and settlement characteristics of an isolated footing on geogrid-reinforced fill over undisturbed peat, utilizing laboratory-scale model

Geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported (GRPS) embankments provide an effective solution for mitigating subgrade settlement and enhancing service performance. This study presents a series of physical model tests aimed at gaining a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical behavior of geogrids in GRPS embankments. Effects of loading cycles, loading frequency, geogrid layer number, and pile type on

A set of direct shear tests on the soil-geotextile interface (SGI) were conducted using a temperature-controlled constant normal stiffness (CNS) direct shear apparatus. This was done in order to evaluate the effects of normal stiffness, initial normal stress, soil water content, and temperature on SGI shear behavior and micro-deformation patterns. The observations indicate that all shear stress-shear

The study conducted full-scale field trials in Dholera to examine the performance of geocell-reinforced and unreinforced pavements on expansive subgrades. Three geocell-reinforced sections (S-2 on expansive subgrade, S-4 on lime-treated subgrade, and S-5 on lime-treated subgrade with reduced base) and two unreinforced sections (S-1 on expansive subgrade and S-3 on lime-treated subgrade) were constructed

Composite geomembrane-soil-bentonite (CGSB) cutoff walls are effective barriers to contain highly aggressive contaminated groundwater. Defects in the geomembrane (GM) joint are inevitable during the installation, inducing preferential flow paths. An experimental device is designed to measure the flow rate Q through the joint defects of CGSB walls. Experiments and numerical simulations are performed

In the application of geomembranes (GMBs) for anti-seepage purposes, damage and defects are almost inevitable and can lead to premature failure during their service life. This study conducted a series of indoor tensile tests on defective GMBs to evaluate the effects of various defect types, locations, and geometric characteristics on their failure behavior. The results were validated through orthogonal

Determination of the pullout resistance of geogrid, an essential parameter in MSE wall design, is time-consuming and expensive. The present study applies ensemble methods, namely, random forest, gradient boosting, extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and light gradient boosting to predict the pullout resistance factor (F∗) of geogrid. An extensive review resulting in a large pullout test dataset of 759

To address the ambiguities in current ontological models of geocell-reinforced soil and the limitations inherent in finite element analysis methods, a nonlinear stress dilatancy model (NSDM) encompassing geocell-reinforced soil was successfully formulated. This model is based on the interaction between the geocell and the infilled soil, which can consider the confining pressures provided by the geocells

A series of finite element analyses, conducted on the basis of modified triaxial tests incorporating radial drainage, were carried out to investigate the lateral deformation and stress state characteristics of prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) unit cells under vacuum preloading. The analyses revealed that the inward horizontal strain of the unit cell increases approximately linearly with the vacuum

Geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutments are increasingly used in transportation engineering. However, limited research has been conducted on the failure mechanisms of GRS bridge abutments, particularly the connection failures between reinforcement and facing. In this study, large-scale model tests were carried out to investigate the impact of connection failure between reinforcement and

To mitigate the subgrade deterioration induced by water infiltration, geosynthetics are employed to reinforce overloaded railway subgrades. Indoor model experiments were conducted to simulate dynamic loads under different axle weights, investigating the impacts of immersion on the dynamic characteristics of reinforced subgrades. Results demonstrated that immersion significantly increased the subgrade's

Three-dimensional numerical models are developed to investigate the anti-liquefaction of ordinary (OSCs) and geosynthetic-encased (GESCs) stone columns in sandy soil under sinusoidal loading using the fluid-solid coupling method. The validated models capture and compare the vertical and radial deformation, excess pore water pressure (EPWP), and vertical effective stress of OSC, GESC, and sandy soil

Road performance is significantly enhanced by incorporating geosynthetics through their reinforcement and drainage functions. This study introduces a novel geosynthetic that integrates these functions. It is made of biaxial polypropylene geogrids heat-bonded to wicking nonwoven geotextiles (WNWGs). WNWGs are chemically treated to be hydrophilic and thus possess rapid wetting and wicking properties

The study and application of soil arching theory in geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported (GRPS) embankments have gained increasing attention, as accurate arching estimation significantly influences load-deflection behavior of structures. While most existing models rely on Rankine's earth pressure theory, which applies primarily to granular soils and neglects cohesion effects. This paper employs three-dimensional

The prefabricated horizontal drains combined with vacuum preloading (PHDs-VP) method exhibits significant benefits in dredged slurry treatment. This study introduces an analytical model of slurry consolidation treated by PHDs-VP. In this model, the PHD is treated as a permeable boundary with a vacuum pressure. The governing equations are established by dividing the analytical unit into normal zone

Field experiments are conducted to quantify the leakage through an 11-mm-diameter hole in the liner on slopes with and without a bench under waste cover conditions. Over 14 months, with a total precipitation of 947 mm, a 0.68 m bench on a 4H: 1V slope results in a 43-fold increase in leakage (from 6.5 L to 282 L) compared to the reference section without a bench. Substantial leakage is attributed to

Volume changes in soil caused by freeze-thaw cycles can affect the shear performance of the saline soil-geotextile interface. To investigate this issue, the study examined changes in shear strength, deformation characteristics, and failure modes of the saline soil-geotextile interface under different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles. The experimental results indicate that with the increase in freeze-thaw

The use of poorly draining local soils as backfill material in geosynthetic reinforced soil walls has become a common practice despite the known risks. With climate change effects, it is crucial to understand how these structures will perform under such extreme conditions. In this study, the performance of a large-scale model of a modular block geogrid-reinforced soil wall, using fine-grained backfill

An investigation was made of the over-trench bridging effect provided by soilbags to reduce the pressure on, and vertical and horizontal diametral change (VDC and HDC) of, buried flexible pipes, along with reductions in trench surface settlement (TSS). Full-scale tests examined the effects of burial depth, soilbag width, number of soilbag layers and distance between layers in trenches with 250-mm diameter

This study proposes a new pile-supported soilbags raft cushion for foundation treatment. A series of two-dimensional model tests were conducted on the reinforced foundation to investigate its deformation and load transfer characteristics. An analytical method was established to determine the surface pressure between the piles. The tests demonstrated that the soilbags raft cushion can reduce the differential

A series of drained triaxial tests was carried out on homogeneous and two-layered soil (TLS) samples under low confining pressure. A granite aggregate was selected as the base layer, and sand was used to simulate the subgrade. Geogrids with varying aperture sizes and stiffness values were designed using CAD software and manufactured using 3D printing technology. A method for correcting the cross-sectional

Ground reinforced embankment (GRE) is a common and efficient rockfall mitigation measure. However, due to the diversity of geometric dimensions and composite components of the embankments worldwide, the design methods have not yet been unified. This article proposes a DEM-based framework for modeling the GREs impacted by rockfalls, and to optimize the structural design by comparing the block-intercepting

The non-uniform dense soil column that forms around plastic drainage plates when using vacuum preloading to treat flowing mud exhibits varying clogging along the extension direction, which severely lowers both the consolidation effectiveness and rate of consolidation. A transient clogging model is established based on indoor tests conducted under varying vacuum pressure for analyzing the evolution

This study investigates the optimal design parameters and installation location for geogrid stabilization in ballasted tracks under high-speed train loads. By integrating discrete element simulations with full-scale model tests, the performance of ballasted tracks was evaluated across various geogrid aperture sizes, stiffnesses, and installation locations. Multiple ballast gradations and trackbed compaction

This study utilized electrical defects detection, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to conduct a prediction about the generation of defects in high-density polyethylene geomembranes (HDPE GMBs) in landfills. The findings revealed that the average defect density of 108 landfills was 15 defects/ha, and the average defect area was 122 cm2/ha. Four out of the 11 potential indicators, namely

A series of constant radial stiffness triaxial (CRST) tests were performed to investigate the long-term behavior of geogrid-reinforced unbound granular materials (UGMs). Two types of multi-stage cyclic loading tests were conducted with various vertical constant loads (σ1,min). In the first type, σ1,min was maintained at 10% of the maximum axial stress at each loading stage to determine the resilient

Frost heave significantly affects the normal operation and long-term performance of expansive soil channels, and the soilbag reinforcement method offers a potential solution for its mitigation and control. To confirm the effectiveness of the soilbag reinforcement method in frost heave mitigation of expansive soil channels, a middle-scale model test apparatus was developed to be equipped with temperature

In the pursuit of sustainable development, the environmental impacts of geotechnical engineering are often neglected. The utilization of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) and ecological slope protection technology presents promising and eco-friendly alternatives, paving the way for a cleaner future. In this study, the temporal and spatial distribution of the carbon coefficient (CC) and embodied energy

Billions of face masks were discarded daily, causing severe environmental concerns. Recycling waste face masks presents a significant challenge. Meanwhile, the traditional vacuum preloading shows limitations on the performance on soft soil ground. This paper investigates the potential benefits of reusing Face-Mask Fibres (FMF) as an admixture to enhance the treatment effects of vacuum preloading on

Preventing clogging effectively and ensuring stable drainage performance are crucial for the efficacy of subsurface drainage systems. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the drainage performance of drain pipes using soil samples from the Yinbei Irrigation District in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. The perforation characteristics and geotextile envelopes were investigated

An analytical solution for consolidation of double-layered ground by vertical drains is proposed, in which only the radial seepage is taken into consideration and the smear radius varies with soil layers. To improve the computing efficiency, a simplified method for selecting serious solutions is presented. The approximate solution is illustrated by Tang's solution (Tang and Onitsuka, 2001) and a large

The degradation of five fortified polyethylene geomembranes (three HDPE, one LLDPE, and one blended) with high initial properties compared to minimum requirements in GRI-GM13 is investigated when immersed in brine at three concentrations (100%, 50%, and 10% brine) and deionized water at temperatures ranging from 25 to 95°C for 8 years. The performance of the geomembranes in different incubation fluids

To reveal the behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) bridge approach retaining walls on highly compressible foundation soils, in this study, a GRS bridge approach adjacent to the Yangtze River was monitored for approximately 3 years during construction and post-construction. The settlement of the GRS bridge approach, the vertical earth pressure at the base of the backfill soil, and the reinforcement

This study develops a coupled model for the combined clogging and permeability coefficient of a geotextile envelope. Based on the characteristics of pore size distribution and its impact on permeability coefficient after clogging, a permeability coefficient model assuming the geotextile is composed of multiple layers of planar mesh is developed. Then, based on the range of pore size after clogging

Conventional methods for assessing the pore characteristics of nonwoven geotextiles are plagued by several limitations such as low accuracy and lengthy processing time. Consequently, this paper proposed low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology to acquire the pore size distribution (PSD) curves, porosity, and characteristic pore size (CPS) of nonwoven geotextiles. The T2 characteristic

Geosynthetic-Reinforced Pile-Supported Embankments (GRPSE) are effective composite structures to support highway infrastructures on weak soils. Numerous design methods have been developed in practice to facilitate the use of this technology. However, it is well known that as the design methods adopt different theoretical assumptions, the performance indexes given by the design methods vary significantly

In landfills, shear creep of the liner interface occurs after some shear displacements under the influence of a sustained load from waste. In this paper, an apparatus was developed to conduct shear creep tests on interfaces after different initial shear displacements, and experimental investigations were performed on the shear creep behavior of the geotextile and geomembrane interfaces pre/post peak

Internally unstable soils can pose severe conditions to granular and geotextile filters in geotechnical engineering works. Regarding the latter, several researchers have investigated the behaviour of such filters in contact with internally unstable soils and severe clogging and flow rate reductions of soil-geotextile filter systems have been observed in several cases. This paper presents a study on

Expansive soils are susceptible to cracking due to significant moisture fluctuations, which can potentially lead to structural instability. Although geogrid reinforcement is widely used to control soil swelling and shrinkage, its effects on cracking behavior are not fully understood. This study investigates the influence of geogrid reinforcement on the cracking behavior of expansive soils by comparing

The canal is crucial for water diversion projects, but it is susceptible to frost damage. To address this, a two-layer composite geomembrane lining structure (TLCGLS) was proposed that regulates the interaction between canal lining and frozen soil. Model tests were conducted to investigate its anti-frost heave effectiveness. Considering the interaction among the lining, two-layer composite geomembranes

This study conducted field tests on geosynthetic-reinforced floating pile-supported embankments to evaluate the load transfer mechanism and embankment deformation during embankment construction. Vertical pressures on pile caps and subsoils between piles, geosynthetic strains, settlement of pile caps and subsoils between piles, and settlement of the embankment at different elevations were measured throughout

This paper investigates the shear properties of the interfaces between sand and short-staple nonwoven geotextile (GT1), long-staple nonwoven geotextile (GT2), and geomembrane (GM) under varying conditions of testing temperature, sand moisture content, and normal stress through temperature-controlled direct shear tests. The results reveal that the shear stress-shear displacement curves for the sand-GT1

To examine the hydro-mechanical behavior of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Walls (GRSW) backfilled with locally available marginal lateritic soils, physical model tests were conducted during construction, surcharge loading, and rainfall infiltration. Various reinforcements were tested, including a conventional geogrid (GG) and two types of composite geosynthetic reinforcements (CGR) with equivalent stiffness

Given that the material-wearing process is the key factor influencing the dynamic shear strength at the interface between the geomembrane (GMB) and nonwoven geotextile (NWGT), this study investigates the cyclic shear behavior of the GMB–NWGT interface from a microscale perspective using the three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM). The textured GMB is simulated with breakable asperities and

One of the challenge that face the effectiveness of Polyvinyl Chloride geomembranes (PVC GMs) as a hydraulic barrier is the capacity to withstand unexpected mechanical actions, particularly tensile forces, during installation and throughout their lifespan. These forces pose risks of premature failure and impermeability degradation. In this study, the characterization of the short and long-term mechanical

A frequently overlooked aspect in previous research on bearing capacity of reinforced foundations is the prevalent unsaturated properties of soils. This paper provides an analytical framework for evaluating the bearing capacity of strip footings with single-layer and double-layer reinforcement in unsaturated soils. Four classical nonlinear expressions are used to determine the additional cohesion induced

Freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles are a primary contributor of pavement damages in seasonal frost regions. Geosynthetics stabilization has been a promising solution for enhancing the roadways performance in cold regions. However, in comparison with the practical applications, research on the geosynthetics stabilization in cold-region roads is scarce and its efficacy is yet to be quantified. This study presents

Predicting the performance of geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls with segmental block facings in service is a challenging task due to their complex interaction mechanisms. This paper proposes a semi-analytical method to estimate the performance of such walls by considering a prescribed reduction factor. Rough back of the wall and unreinforced zone effects can be taken into account. It also incorporates

To embrace sustainable and environmentally friendly practices, sisal fibers have emerged as a green and low-carbon alternative, offering a viable approach for enhancing the physical characteristics of frost-vulnerable soils. In this study, the unconfined compressive strength and freeze-thaw cycle (FTC) tests for soils stabilized with sisal fiber were conducted, and the enhancement mechanism of sisal

The PVD-vacuum preloading method combined with airbags is a new soft ground treatment technology that can provide additional consolidation pressure and reduce lateral deformation towards the improvement area caused by traditional PVD-vacuum preloading. However, continuous airbag pressurization tends to create large cavities in the soil, and the optimal timing for airbag loading is also unclear. To

This paper investigates the cyclic simple shearing behaviors of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) geofoams considering influences of the shear strain amplitude (γa), number of shear cycles, shear rate, vertical stress (σn), and EPS density (ρEPS). The experimental results demonstrate that the cyclic shear stress (τ)-shear strain (γ) relationships of EPS are not sensitive to the shear rate. As the γ exceeds

Focusing on a T-shape cantilever retaining wall in a liquefiable site, a series of shaking table model tests were conducted to investigate the seismic stability characteristics of the wall when using EPS composite soil isolation piles (WEP), EPS composite soil isolation walls (WEW), and backfilled natural fine sand from Nanjing (WSS). The seismic response characteristics of the model ground soil and