Automated modal identification and tracking of high-rise buildings are challenging due to complex ambient excitations, closely spaced modes, nonlinear and time-varying modal parameters, and demands for high efficiency and accuracy, yet critical for structural health monitoring (SHM) to detect potential damage and ensure structural safety. This study proposes an automated intelligent modal identification

This study explores optimal energy management in smart buildings designed as microgrid systems, where the growing use of renewable energy and electric mobility creates challenges due to uncertainty and variability in supply and demand. The main goal is to reduce operational costs, cut emissions, and improve energy flexibility under uncertain conditions. To achieve this, a stochastic optimization framework

Access to energy services is essential for preserving health and well-being. However, energy poverty is a challenge affecting millions of citizens worldwide, which could even worsen due to the predicted severity of climate change. Energy poverty vulnerability and social problems are often linked to energy-inefficient buildings. Thus, identifying energy-inefficient dwellings in energy-vulnerable urban

Thermotropic (TT) glazing, which enable dynamic solar modulation through light-scattering behaviors, has great potential to enhance building performance in energy efficiency, visual and thermal comfort. Many researches have been carried out by building performance simulation or short-term laboratory-scale experiments. In this work, a one-year field-scale experiment was conducted in Zhangzhou (a subtropical

As the concept of “healthy kitchen” continues to take root deeply in the minds in public consciousness, growing emphasis has been placed on both the health impacts of airborne pollutants in kitchen environments and the control of residential kitchen air pollution. In order to better create a healthy environment in residential kitchens, this paper reviewed and summarized the emission factors of kitchen

Axial fans are widely employed in ventilation and air-conditioning systems, yet the associated noise pollution remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the influence of leading-edge modifications on the aerodynamic performance and noise characteristics of an axial flow fan utilized in building ventilation. Three types of leading-edge obstacles, including tetrahedral, hemispherical,

District heating and cooling (DHC) systems with energy storage are highly promising due to their high economic viability and energy-saving potential. However, inadequate consideration of time-of-use (TOU) pricing, annual load demand variations and control strategies often leads to excessive capacities and low energy efficiency. A multi-objective optimization (MOO) model is established by combining

This study investigates students' exposure to indoor black carbon (BC) in classrooms, with a focus on how student behavior influences indoor BC concentrations. The significance of this research lies in the potential health risks associated with prolonged exposure to BC, particularly in educational buildings where children spend extended periods. This study aimed to assess indoor BC concentrations,

Stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) considering randomness constraints for weather characteristics has been widely adopted to achieve energy diminution and human comfort regulation for building energy management (BEM). However, the substantial computational loads involved in solving the complex optimization problem pose a significant challenge to the real-time implementation of SMPC in actual

Heating constitutes a significant portion of the total energy consumption over a building's life cycle. This is particularly pronounced in rural areas, where winter heating can account for over 50 % of the total energy demand. Consequently, the adoption of green and energy-efficient heating methods is of paramount importance for energy conservation and emission reduction in rural residential buildings

Industrialized construction (IC), encompassing off-site construction (OSC) and on-site industrialized construction (OIC), is pivotal to promoting sustainability in the construction sector. However, existing research in the construction industry has focused predominantly on the advantages of OSC, while overlooking the value of OIC to the broader industrialization of the building sector. In this paper

We investigated the effect of unintentional door-opening events on air exchange rates (AERs) in naturally ventilated environments. Using occupant-generated carbon dioxide (CO2) as a natural tracer gas, we performed experimental measurements in an office setting. We employed the mass-balance approach to estimate AER and CO2 generation rates, focusing on the influence of intermittent door-opening events

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) has been extensively used in civil engineering to enhance the strength and durability of concrete structures. Developing a reliable, practical, and cost-effective method for monitoring and assessing the integrity of FRP-confined concrete is essential. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of materials and the potential for delamination, damage evolution in FRP-wrapped

The cement-based construction materials industry needs to adapt its formulations and production processes to the new paradigm characterized by sustainability, circularity and decarbonization. In this context, one of the strategies proposed by the prepared mortars industry is to seek new alternative recycled raw materials derived from industrial by-products. This paper analyses the feasibility of using

3D printing with earth-based materials is emerging as a sustainable building method; however, challenges remain regarding strength, thermal performance, and both logistical and environmental viability. This study aims to optimize the passive thermal performance and facilitate the industrial applicability of printed envelopes through advanced material and geometric design; implementing a mass-customizable

Manufacturing limitations in hollow concrete-filled steel tube (HCFST) structures often lead to significant void ratios, which can result brittle failure after reaching the peak load. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel structural solution: reinforced hollow concrete-filled square steel tubular (RHCFST) columns. These columns integrate the benefits of hollow concrete-filled steel tubes

As seismic activity in Korea increases, concerns over aging masonry structures grow. By 2030, over 62 % of South Korea's buildings will be more than 30 years old, with masonry structures are a dominant structural type in older structures. Due to the low tensile strength of mortar, masonry buildings are highly vulnerable to seismic loads, requiring effective retrofitting and strengthening solutions

The accurate measurement of static yield stress is crucial for the success of 3D concrete printing (3DCP), ensuring the stability and buildability of printed layers. Traditional methods, like rotational rheometry, face limitations in applicability for 3DCP due to issues with portability. This paper introduces a novel fast penetration test approach for determining static yield stress of cement-based

Fluidized stabilized soil (FSS), characterized by high fluidity, self-compaction capability, and controllable strength, provides an innovative solution for backfilling narrow and geometrically complex voids in civil engineering. In this study, loess was utilized as the base soil, and FSS was synthesized by synergistically combining blast furnace slag (BFS), fly ash (FA), carbide slag (CS), and NaOH

Cold-forming offers several advantages in steel manufacturing over hot forming, including better dimensional accuracy, better control in tolerances and improved quality on product surfaces. A manufacturing process of cold-formed rectangular hollow section suitable for small-scale production involves press-braking and welding, which may bring adverse effects on the structural behaviour of steel structures

Rebar corrosion is a critical factor compromising the durability and service life of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, leading to structural degradation and substantial maintenance costs. Protective coatings for rebars have emerged as an effective strategy to mitigate corrosion, yet each coating type presents specific advantages and limitations. This review comprehensively examines the corrosion

Accurate and reliable thermal conductivity measurements are essential for evaluating the insulation properties of materials used in construction. Traditional insulating materials like glass or rock wool, or more recently developed biobased materials such as hemp wool, cellulose, flax or wood fiber panels, have very low thermal conductivity influenced by density, porosity, and temperature. However,

Radiant cooling systems can provide comfort and energy saving. However, the issue of condensation on the radiant panels restricts their application in hot and humid regions. Although the Type-C near dew point radiant cooling wall panel (TNRC) improves anti-condensation capabilities, several challenges still hinder its practical application. This study established a Fluent model for the TNRC and validated

Fire risk in Multi-Unit Residential Buildings (MURBs) poses a substantial threat to public safety, property, and the environment. Smart-Green technologies are integrated into MURBs for occupant comfort and environmental sustainability. However, some technologies increase fire risk levels due to highly combustible materials. Therefore, an integrated fire risk management framework is developed to (i)

To investigate the effects of the basalt fiber volume ratio, fiber length, fly ash content, and water reducer dosage on the mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete (3DPC), a response surface regression model was constructed and optimized using a design of experiments with a desirability function. The measured values of compressive strength, flexural strength, and interlayer shear strength of 3DPC

Corrosion of steel rebars is one of the primary causes of deterioration of the reinforced concrete. An Electro-Chemo-Mechanical coupled model is proposed to consider the effects of the migration of iron ions, water, vapor, and oxygen on the corrosion process, iron oxide formation, and concrete cracking. The fair agreements between the results from the proposed coupled model and those from model tests

Lime mud-based artificial aggregate (LAA) is a promising substitute for mitigating the shortage of natural aggregate; however, the lack of comprehensive study on its interface interaction with cement matrix hinders its application in concrete. This study aims to investigate the microstructural and micromechanical properties of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in lime mud-based artificial aggregate

Predicting thermal comfort and improving energy efficiency in buildings are significant difficulties, especially in data-deficient contexts. This study offers a novel Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) framework that integrates real-time and historical data, enabling adaptive thermal comfort predictions. The findings provide actionable strategies for optimizing HVAC operations, offering a scalable solution

The restoration of historic building façades presents challenges worldwide, especially in terms of maintaining the structural integrity and thermal performance of the original materials. This study aims to evaluate the compatibility of different mortar types used in historical restoration, specifically comparing gypsum-based and cement-based mortars. To achieve this, a comprehensive experimental approach

This study explores an innovative application of heavy metal sludge sintered ceramsite as a sustainable alternative to Portland cement, aiming to promote the resource utilization of hazardous waste while addressing the global challenge of CO2 emissions. By grinding the ceramsite into powder (GP) and incorporating it as a supplementary cementitious material to replace cement, the pozzolanic activity

Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) represents a significant innovation aimed at reducing the carbon footprint in the construction industry. Over the past few decades, numerous investigations and experiments have confirmed the viability of RAC as a construction material when the optimal combination of recycled and natural aggregates is used. This study seeks to further enhance the application of RAC

This study investigates the seismic performance of point-fixed glass façade systems (PFGFS) through a full-scale experimental campaign conducted at the University of Coimbra. Two façade systems were tested, accounting for two fixing configurations: fully drilled countersunk bolts and partially through (embedded) bolts. Each system consisted of nine glass panels arranged in a 3 × 3 configuration, with

Earthquake is one of the most devastating natural disasters, often causing severe casualties and property damage. Heat absorbing and air-cooling (HAAC) tower is a new type of molten salt heat-absorbing tower with high safety requirements due to its special functionality and construction features. While passive tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are commonly employed for vibration control in high-rising structures

Automatic model updating, or model calibration procedures, have significantly streamlined the creation of digital twins, i.e., virtual models strongly informed by experimental data. This methodology supports real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance by ensuring the digital twin accurately reflects the physical structure. However, when the parameters to be inferred are modal parameters, such as

The construction of buildings above metro depots has become increasingly prevalent in urban environments. However, frequent train operations generate significant vibrations that adversely impact residential comfort in these over-track structures. This study investigated the vibration response and evaluated the control measures for such buildings through comprehensive field tests and numerical simulations

A proper method to recover the capacity of flexural concrete components damaged by fire is to use carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips applied by near-surface mounted (NSM) approach to compensate for the lost flexural capacity. However, one significant defect of CFRP in strengthening flexural members is the reduced ductility of the reinforced concrete (RC) and its small impact on the serviceability

3D printing of engineered cementitious composites (3DP-ECC) is a cutting-edge method that enables digital construction without steel reinforcement. This study optimizes the 3DP-ECC mix by evaluating its fresh and hardened properties, incorporating Yellow River sand (YRS) as a sustainable alternative to quartz sand, and addressing environmental and economic concerns. Mechanical properties were assessed

The excessive exploitation of river sand will lead to serious environmental problems. The use of manufactured sand instead of river sand in concrete preparation is the future trend in building materials. However, manufactured sand has many corners and poor gradation, making it difficult for ordinary mixing equipment to achieve a close packing state for the aggregate. Therefore, this paper proposes

This research measures the impact of several supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the fresh and hardened characteristics of lightweight aggregate-based self-compacting concrete (LWA-based SCC) mixes. This investigation used metakaolin (MK), silica fume (SF), fly ash (FA), and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) as SCMs along with 100 % sintered fly ash aggregates (SFA) as coarse aggregates

The multi-fidelity surrogate (MFS) model has become an emerging hotspot in engineering prediction and optimization. However, this model typically relies on abundant low-fidelity data (LF data) and a limited amount of high-fidelity data (HF data). In practical engineering, data-scarce environments make it difficult to obtain sufficient LF data, leading to a significant decline in MFS model performance

Universities, as distinctive building types, have attracted widespread attention due to their carbon emission characteristics and emission reduction potential. This research employed the stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, technology (STIRPAT) model to establish a carbon emission prediction model for university buildings in hot and humid regions, taking a university in Guilin

The application of corrosion inhibitors provides an efficient approach for mitigating steel rebar corrosion. However, the premature failure of corrosion inhibitors in concrete remains a pending issue. The adoption of microencapsulated inhibitors shows significant promise in addressing this concern. This study proposes a novel chloride ion-triggered microcapsule designed for the anti-corrosion protection

Industrial solid waste and the large CO2 emissions associated with its disposal contribute to significant environmental problems and resource wastage. In this paper, a new type of low-carbon and high-strength geopolymer repair mortar with rapid hardening properties is prepared using red mud (RM), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD). The performance

Due to the high porosity and strong water absorption, masonry cultural relics are prone to shrinkage and salt crystallization stress under the influence of dry and wet conditions. The development of high permeability modifiers to improve structural stability and moisture resistance is crucial for the long-term preservation of masonry cultural relics. In this paper, silica aerogel was synthesized by

Concrete composite slabs are extensively utilized in prefabricated buildings. However, cracks forming on the bottom surfaces during stacking pose structural safety risks. The limited spacing between composite slabs makes manual inspection difficult, while narrow and low-light environments bring challenges to computer vision-based detection, including reduced accuracy and image distortion. To address

This study presents a comprehensive optimization methodology that integrates Taguchi Design of Experiments (Taguchi DoE), data augmentation, and the Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) to improve the mechanical and electromagnetic characteristics of gypsum-based composites reinforced with carbon black, magnetite, and glass fiber. The effects of these additives on compressive and flexural strengths were evaluated

Natural hazards created by earthquakes require an accurate post-earthquake cost estimation mechanism on the road to recovery. However, there are no identifiable accurate post-earthquake cost estimation mechanisms. This has led to major deviations between the initial and final construction costs. For example, the estimated cost of repair of the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence changed from 41

The contribution and effects of fibers from selvage waste in the textile industry on the tensile behavior of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) were quantitatively investigated using micromechanical tests and theory. Four composites were prepared, each reinforced with either selvage (SE) fiber or one of its three constituent fibers: polyethylene (PE), glass (GF), or polyethylene terephthalate

Low temperature can enhance the brittleness of concrete materials, which may cause brittle shear failure of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, threatening the safety of concrete structures. Applying ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) to improve the shear failure may be a potential approach, thus UHPC has been increasingly applied in engineering structures in cold regions. This paper conducted comparative

As kitchen oil fume pollution becomes an increasing health risk, vertical centralized exhaust systems are widely used in Chinese residential buildings. However, these systems face issues such as backdraft and odor crossover, which compromise exhaust efficiency. To address these challenges, this study developed a six-story experimental system and used the control variable method to assess exhaust performance

Frame-core tube (FCT) structures are widely used in high-rise buildings due to their excellent seismic performance and lateral stiffness. However, traditional evaluation methods—such as detailed finite element modeling and empirical formulas—are often limited by high computational cost, low scalability, and poor adaptability to diverse structural configurations. These challenges hinder rapid and accurate

The research aims to optimize active botanical biofilter performance by completely assessing evaporative cooling, air humidification, and energy efficiency to reduce building energy usage and effectively improve indoor thermal comfort. Consequently, temperature, humidity, and airflow were monitored for a period of 6 h. Performance parameters and uncertainties were assessed under controlled laboratory

The application of water jet technology on concrete has garnered widespread attention, as water jetting is an advanced technique with several unique advantages, including the absence of heat generation, high-efficiency material removal, and selective separation of materials. These benefits provide a solid foundation for its use in concrete applications. This study aims to review the existing literature

Setting time is a vital feature of concrete for construction. However, conventional methods tend to be both time-intensive and imprecise, crying out for more advanced solutions. Herein, to enable highly accurate prediction of concrete initial setting time, the authors developed an intelligent system including a hybrid machine learning model, a microprocessor, and environment monitoring sensors. The

This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of current research on diffusion-open and semi-diffusion-open internal insulation systems, which are often the only feasible solution for improving the energy performance of historic buildings due to legal and conservation constraints. These systems, characterized by their vapour permeability and capillary activity, enable partial inward drying and may

During production and storage, precast concrete components are prone to dimensional deviations or surface defects caused by systematic errors in production devices or accidental interference. To deal with the problems of low efficiency and high subjectivity associated with traditional manual inspection, a geometric quality inspection technique for precast concrete components assisted by point cloud

A well-designed lighting environment plays a critical role in promoting the physical and psychological well-being of preschool children. This study systematically evaluated the effects of 12 lighting conditions (4 correlated color temperatures (CCT) × 3 illuminance levels) on preschool children’ s emotional states, focusing on valence and arousal dimensions. Thirty participants were exposed to controlled

Cooks in Chinese-style residential kitchens (CRKs) often experience unsatisfactory thermal comfort. Different cooking methods lead to different thermal conditions and different metabolic activity, yet their specific impact on cooks' thermal comfort has not been fully investigated. To address this gap, we combined a nationwide survey across China (n=357), field studies in 12 cities, and controlled laboratory

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) comprises complex meso-scale material phases, including virgin aggregate, multiple interfacial transition zones (ITZs), and both old and new mortars. The performance of RAC is significantly influenced by the relative quality and quantity of these phases. This study investigated the effects of varying volume fractions of recycled aggregate (VRA, 20 %–44 %) and water-to-cement

The construction industry significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable retrofitting strategies for existing buildings. This research addresses the critical gap in integrating energy and seismic retrofitting assessments within a unified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework. The proposed methodology aims to evaluate