Farmers in south-east Denmark experience increasing problems with foraging barnacle geese on their crops, particularly affecting winter wheat, seed grass, and winter rape. Sugar beet waste is often exploited by geese and swans, and in recent years barnacle geese have adapted to foraging on unharvested sugar beet fields as well. Sugar beet biomass measurements and bird counts show that geese and swans

Increasing restrictions on synthetic pesticides due to environmental and health concerns have driven the search for alternative environmentally friendly pest management strategies. Essential oils (EOs) from plants like garlic (Allium sativum), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) have shown promise as bioinsecticides. However, their volatility, low water solubility

Blue stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus sulcicollis) and cabbage stem weevil (C. pallidactylus) can occur in high numbers in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) fields in Sweden, but their impact on crop yield is poorly known, hindering the development of evidence-based pest management recommendations. We conducted five field experiments in two cropping seasons, where we tested pyrethroid insecticide application

Fitness cost associated with insecticide resistance and its magnitude can be affected by many environmental aspects, such as temperature. Insect pests can express different phenotypes in response to modified environmental conditions. In this context, we investigated the impact of temperatures: 18, 22, 28, and 32 °C on the magnitude of fitness costs associated with resistance. Different biological parameters

In response to the issue of weed control in agricultural practices and the demand for Site-Specific Weed Management (SSWM), this study proposes a low-altitude orthophoto weed map generation system for agricultural fields based on deep learning and image processing techniques, which aims to provide accurate and timely weed maps for early-stage weed control. By developing an end-to-end Intelligent Weed

The metabolic cooperation for the phenylalanine synthesis between the host and its obligate symbiont is widespread in hemipteran insects. However, the mechanisms underlying phenylalanine synthesis and its role in hemipteran insects are largely unknown. Our previous study indicates that the whitefly Bemisia tabaci glutamate–oxaloacetate transaminase gene GOT2 compensates for tyrB missing from Portiera

The invasion of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda poses a significant threat to the maize production of smallholder farmers in Asia and Africa. Bt maize is an effective measure for controlling this pest, but resistance management strategies tailored to the smallholder farming systems in the old world remain poorly understood. Surveys conducted from 2021 to 2022 in key infestation regions of Yunnan

Trehalase (TRE) is an important enzyme that is responsible for trehalose hydrolysis. However, the effect of NLTRE on the reproduction of Nilaparvata lugens has not been clearly reported. To comprehensively evaluate the pest control potential of NLTRE, this study analyzed the effect of NLTRE on female reproduction of N. lugens by inhibiting TRE with dsTREs injection at mRNA level and validamycin injection

To address the imperative for sustainable agricultural practices and navigate the ongoing debate on the proposed Sustainable Use of Pesticides Regulation (SUR), it is crucial to understand pesticide application and formulate strategies that meet farmers’ requirements. This study provides a detailed analysis using data on chemical plant protection measures for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) taken

Non-consumptive effects of predators, such as olfactory cues, may profoundly influence prey life-history strategies, shaping ecological interactions beyond direct predation. This study examined how olfactory cues from different instar stages of the predatory midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) affected the development, survival, and reproduction of the green peach aphid

Insecticide resistance in pest control poses a threat to agricultural production and human health. Numerous insect species express genes coding for detoxification enzymes that have broad substrate promiscuity thus conferring resistance to various insecticides. However, whether the homologs of these genes play similar roles in resistance phenotypes of closely related species remains largely unclear

Human-induced changes, such as climate variability and escalating anthropogenic pressures, profoundly impact species distribution, dispersal, and competitive interactions worldwide. In the Neotropical region, the expansion of rice cultivation under these conditions has facilitated the spread of species within the rice stink bug complex, notably Oebalus species. Among these species, Oebalus pugnax prevails

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a highly polyphagous agricultural pest that seriously threatens food production and agricultural development. Lufenuron is widely used because of its good control effect and safety to nontarget organisms. However, due to the continuous application of lufenuron and the evolution of insect resistance mechanisms, the potential of S

This study investigated the acaricidal and repellent properties of Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) extracts against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), a significant agricultural pest. Extracts were obtained from plant material subjected to shade and oven drying, using distilled water, methanol, and 75 % methanol containing 0.1 % formic acid. The aqueous extract prepared

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a significant pest, has spread to many countries in Africa and Asia in recent years, causing substantial losses in corn production. From 2019 to 2024, we monitored the host strain of S. frugiperda in various regions in Jiangsu Province, China. The result showed that only COIRS-TpiRS and COIRS-TpiCS strains were present in corn during 2019 and 2020. In 2021

Nilaparvata lugens Stål is a significant insect pest of rice throughout Asia, and the use of insect-resistant rice varieties has been proposed as a key strategy to control this pest, and reduce reliance on insecticides. However, little is known about the interplay between these two methods, particularly their combined influence on the behavior, development, and reproduction. In this study, we found

The deposition of atmospheric nitrogen has globally increased and has interfered with plant growth and resistance to herbivores. Previous studies have shown that numerous dioecious plant species exhibit sex-specific responses in growth and tolerance to increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition. However, whether these changes lead to sexual differences in herbivore resistance and subsequent intersexual

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, represents a significant threat to tomato production, particularly in greenhouse environments across various regions globally. Enhancing tomato production necessitates using fertilization inputs, which in turn may impact plant-insect interactions through bottom-up effects. This study examines the impact of conventional fertilizers, including humic, vermicompost

Globally, food grain storage system ensures food security by preserving grains in silos, warehouses, and other facilities. Post-harvest losses of food grains occur mainly due to unscientific storage, and damage by biotic agents; especially insects, which are main culprits. Until now, only chemicals (predominately aluminium phosphide) have been commercially viable for managing pests of stored commodities

Michelia maudiae is native to China and is popular as a landscape plant in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South America, and Central America for its elegant tree shape and beautiful flowers. However, leaf blight caused by anthracnose pathogens often affects the ornamental value of M. maudiae. In August 2024, M. maudiae with severe leaf blight was found in Nanchang, China, where typical anthracnose symptoms

Brevipalpus yothersi Baker is a vector of citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C), the primary viral disease affecting orchards across the citrus belt of Brazil. Disease management is based mainly on the use of synthetic acaricides to control this mite, with propargite being one of the main acaricides currently in use. The objective of this study was to estimate the levels of resistance to propargite in field

Coffee leaf rust (CLR, Hemileia vastatrix) is a recent arrival to Hawaii and has quickly become the most significant challenge to the State's small but economically important coffee industry. Frequent sprays of fungicides and the improvement of agronomic practices have been the primary management strategies for controlling this devastating disease. However, the high cost of products and labor coupled

Corn rootworms (CRW) are among the most destructive pests in corn production across the Corn Belt, causing considerable damage through larval feeding on roots. While crop rotation and Bt technologies are widely adopted management strategies, their effectiveness is increasingly compromised by the pest's evolution of resistance and behavioral adaptability. Chemical insecticides applied at planting to

Tetranychus neocaledonicus André (1933) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a significant pest of lima bean fields, and its management frequently depends on synthetic acaricides, despite the absence of licensed products permitted for this crop. This study assessed the bioactivity of Juniperus virginiana (Pinales: Cupressaceae) and Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) essential oils against T. neocaledonicus

Insect herbivores present a significant challenge to agricultural production, hindering efforts to meet the demands of the growing global population. Economically important Brassica crops are particularly susceptible to herbivorous pests. Among these pests, the aphid Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major threat. Although insecticides have been a common pest control strategy, their

Insecticides remain a primary tool in mosquito-borne disease control; however, the resistance in mosquito populations poses a significant challenge to the efficacy. Resistance mechanisms, including target sites mutations and increase in metabolic detoxification, have emerged due to wide spread insecticide use. The growing resistance to pyrethroids used in long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and

The invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), has posed a serious threat to maize production in Africa and Asia. Chemical insecticides and Bt maize are the main means for FAW control, but the interaction between these two measures is also unclear. In this study, the susceptibility of the field population (Ezhou) fed on Bt maize insecticidal protein and the Vip3Aa-resistant

Magnolia × soulangeana Soul.-Bod. is a small arbor with ecological, economic and ornamental value. In October 2022, a serious outbreak of a foliar disease was recorded in Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Province, with an incidence rate of 73 %. The diseased leaves showed curved, desiccated, and brown necrotic lesions. Five representative fungal isolates (YL 1-1, YL 1–2, YL 1–4, YL 1–5, and YL

The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis is a highly destructive and invasive pest that threatens global horticulture, causing economic losses due to fruit damage and quarantine regulations. While attract-and-kill baits are widely used to suppress fly populations, these baits also impact many non-target species. To achieve ecological sustainability, our study aimed to develop a method that selectively

Insecticide resistance in rice pests is a critical issue, yet research on resistance remains limited, leaving gaps in baseline data for effective resistance monitoring. This study addresses the gaps in resistance monitoring of rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, by assessing susceptibility to acephate, quinalphos, and carbosulfan while identifying underlying biochemical mechanisms. The susceptibility

Orius similis and Encarsia formosa are important natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci. However, there is limited understanding regarding the impact of O. similis on the control of B. tabaci by E. formosa when they are used in combination. Temperature changes will affect the food web, and Intraguild predation (IGP) is a fundamental component that constitutes a complex food web. Therefore, studying the

The corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott), is one of the most important pests affecting corn fields in Brazil. To establish a foundation for implementing insect resistance management (IRM) strategies for D. maidis, we conducted studies to understand the inheritance of resistance to imidacloprid, the cross-resistance profile, and the stability of resistance. An imidacloprid-resistant strain

Chinese gallnuts are widely used in medicine and chemicals due to their high tannin acid content. Rhus chinensis, the main host of the gall aphid, produces horned gallnuts that account for more than 70 % of all Chinese gallnut production. Fungal diseases like canker and dieback on R. chinensis threaten gall quality and yield, but little is known about their causative fungi. In 2021, twig canker and

In this study, we hypothesized that Crotalaria juncea (L., Fabaceae), particularly due to its content of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline, would affect the development, fecundity, and longevity of Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). We initially assessed the effects of C. juncea plants and their various parts (leaves, stems, and roots) on the insect. Newly hatched larvae

Studies using nonhost plant odors to deter insect pests and protect host plants have reported mixed results. Moreover, how adjacent nonhost plants affect the ability of insect herbivores to locate hosts is unclear. We examined the effects of location of two nonhost rosemary plants (Rosmarinus officinalis) relative to a host peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea) under fixed wind direction on the host-finding

The Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd) is a notable species renowned for its significant contribution to modern medicine. In November 2023, leaf blight disease was observed affecting Chinese yew nurseries in Meishan City, Sichuan Province, China, reducing quality. The causal agent was identified through isolation, morphological characterization, and phylogenetic analysis using the internal

The pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a major pest of cotton, causing significant economic damage. However, comprehensive data on its prevalence and impact across India's cotton-growing regions (North, Central, and South) is limited. To fill this knowledge gap, extensive surveys were conducted from 2019 to 2021 in 164 locations across 41 cotton-growing districts

Cassava stands as Uganda's second most vital staple food after bananas, playing a crucial economic role for smallholder farmers. However, whiteflies significantly reduce cassava yields, jeopardizing farmers' incomes and food security. Aside from direct damage, the cassava whitefly transmits cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD), leading to potential yield losses ranging

Accurate and efficient recognition of crops and weeds in complex agricultural environments is crucial for promoting intelligent weed management and sustainable farming. Despite DeepLabv3+ showing robust semantic segmentation capabilities, its complex architecture and large number of parameters impede training efficiency and pose deployment difficulties, especially in resource-constrained farming environments

In the current scenario of globalized markets and climate change, phytosanitary risks are greater than ever before: the former facilitates the spread of pests over long distances, while the latter creates environmental conditions favourable for the establishment of pests in new areas. This reinforces the need for caution and constant vigilance regarding outbreaks of new pathogens. In 2022, symptoms

This study explores the role of Trichoderma species as causative agents of stalk rot in maize, representing the first documented case in India. The pathogens were isolated from the infected maize stalks collected from various regions, revealing three distinct Trichoderma isolates (HSRT46, HSRT47 and HSRT67), which exhibited variability in morphological traits such as colony color, mycelium type, pigmentation

Weed detection and control are important challenges in modern agriculture. Weed infestation can significantly reduce crop yields. The identification of weeds by species, along with their location, is important to reduce production costs and the environmental impact resulting from the use of chemical control across the plantation. In this study, we assessed four deep learning models for detection and

The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) is an invasive scarab beetle originating from Japan. In the European Union, it is listed as a priority quarantine pest. Currently, it is mainly controlled using synthetic insecticides. Here, we tested an environmentally friendly control alternative. We investigated whether Japanese beetle adults can be used as vectors to autodisseminate lethal doses of the European

Bananas and plantains are major cash crops in Cameroon, contributing significantly to the national economy and the livelihoods of farmers. However, Black Sigatoka disease (BSD) severely affects the production of these crops, particularly among smallholder farmers. This study examines the control methods used by farmers and the factors influencing their choices in managing BSD. Data were collected from

Bacterial spot of pepper (BSP) is an important disease caused by Xanthomonas spp. Copper-based bactericides have been widely used to manage this disease over the decades. This has resulted in the development of copper resistance in the pathogen. To this date, as a standard practice, mancozeb mixed with a copper material has been used instead of copper alone to control copper-tolerant strains of the

The vast majority of historical biological control introductions have not resulted in documented negative effects on non-target species. However, in some cases, an absence of evidence of harm could be due to insufficient evidence of absence: That is, data specifically gathered to show that non-target species are not affected by the released biological control agent. The parasitoid fly Istocheta aldrichi

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) has been reported as one of the most common and serious alfalfa-infecting viruses, significantly impacting alfalfa production worldwide. To establish a rapid and simple method for AMV detection in alfalfa crops in China, three novel methods were developed, including real-time fluorescent reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA), a one-tube one-step

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important species of the Amaryllidaceae family and is widely cultivated worldwide. The yield and quality of garlic production decrease due to pests and fungal agents. Survey studies conducted in Gaziantep (Araban and Oğuzeli districts) and Kahramanmaraş (Narlı district) garlic-growing areas between March and April 2020–2022 we observed white spots followed by dark green

The bacterial disease huanglongbing (HLB) is devastating citrus industries around the world. Recent studies have identified trunk injection of oxytetracycline (OTC) as an effective method to reduce pathogen titers and restore citrus tree health and productivity. Here we assess the efficacy of OTC injections to mitigate HLB in a commercial citrus orchard in Florida over two production cycles. Nine-year-old

Essential oils (EOs) are increasingly recognized as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides due to their biodegradability and reduced risks to non-target species. This study investigates the bioactivity of 30 EOs on Rhyzopertha dominica, a major pest of stored grains, with a focus on their repellency and attractiveness across varying concentrations. The area preference method (APM) was used

Fusarium ear rot (FER) of maize, caused by Fusarium verticillioides, significantly impacts grain quantity and quality due to reduced yield and grain discolorations. The fungus produces fumonisins (FUM), a mycotoxin associated with noxious effects on humans and animals. In 2019/20 and 2020/21 seasons, 20 maize genotypes were evaluated for tolerance to FER/FUM contamination in field experiments conducted

During the entire growth cycle of fruit trees, it is essential to implement management practices, including pruning, irrigation, pest and disease control, and harvesting. However, traditional orchard management has largely depended on subjective judgment and growers' experience, often lacking scientific rigor and demanding considerable labor and time. Given the current labor shortages, there is an

Plants can acquire an enhanced resistance against pathogen by application of natural or artificial compounds. Application of these compounds results in earlier, faster and/or stronger responses of plant to the subsequent pathogen attacks, a process called chemical priming. Beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is recognized for its inducing and priming ability to enhance plant resistance against a broad spectrum

Prey sharing in predatory mammals and birds has been shown to reduce fights for food between predators, increase predation efficacy, and safeguard food availability by reciprocal sharing, providing immediate and delayed benefits for the sharers. However, little is known about the incidence of prey sharing in arthropods and the implications for biological control have been mostly overlooked. In this

Principal active ingredients used in chemical control tactics after harvest are pyrethroids, including for long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN). However, pyrethroid resistance by stored product insects has become widespread. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate whether a synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), could rescue efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin LLIN against a field strain

A potential benefit of high-density plantings is that their more compact size means netting is a more feasible pest and disease management tactic than in conventional plantings. We compared bird damage, spotted wing drosophila (SWD) abundance, and canker in high-density sweet cherry rows that were netted or unnetted for 2–4 weeks pre-harvest. Nets had a fine mesh that was designed to exclude SWD. We