Maize (Zea mays L.), a versatile global crop with diverse application in food, feed, and industry, experiences production challenges due to water deficits and concurrent nitrogen (N) limitations. Maize relies on multiple root types, including primary, seminal, crown, brace roots, and associated lateral roots, to acquire water and nutrients from the soil. These root types exhibit distinct soil water

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of diverse environments on agronomic traits of small‐seeded lentils in India and to identify strategic environment(s) for crop improvement using empirical approaches. Sixteen small‐seeded lentil genotypes were tested across 16 locations, covering North Hill Zone (NHZ), North Western Plain Zone (NWPZ), and North Eastern Plain Zone (NEPZ). Crop yield exhibited

In this study, we assessed the genetic and genotype by environment interaction variation and genomic prediction of the garri quality traits of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). The study was conducted in the National Root Crop Research Institute experimental sites in Umudike and Otobi, Nigeria, in two planting seasons of 2021 and 2022. We estimated the broad and narrow‐sense heritability and correlation

Ipomoea batatas, commonly known as sweet potato, is a widely cultivated and consumed crop. It is valued for its storage roots, which serve as an important source of energy and essential nutrients. However, in Colombia, sweet potato remains underutilized, with limited cultivation and consumption. Native and alternative crops are central to government strategies that link biodiversity to food security

Centuries of barley (Hordeum vulgare) domestication and selection has resulted in reduced genetic diversity in modern cultivars, limiting breeder's options to select desirable traits. Barley landraces, heirloom varieties, and wild relatives are substantially more variable and can be exploited to reintroduce favorable genes and alleles. Five doubled haploid populations were phenotyped for net form net

Crown rust disease, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, poses a significant threat to global oat (Avena sativa L.) production. Molecular markers are essential to assist in the integration of multiple resistance genes into a single oat cultivar to achieve genetic resistance durability. Here, we validated previously reported markers for the race‐specific resistance genes Pc39, Pc45/PcKM, Pc54

This study investigates the use of leaf hyperspectral data to understand genetic and environmental influences on maize (Zea mays L.) leaf reflectance and its implications for genetic analysis. The Backcrossed Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (BGEM) panel was grown under two nitrogen regimes, low nitrogen (LN) and high nitrogen (HN), at the University of Nebraska‐Lincoln's Havelock Farm in 2022. Hyperspectral

Breeding in the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) system is an intricate process that integrates the contributions of market research, pre‐breeding, breeding, breeding operations, and seed systems. Therefore, a well‐defined framework is critical for the effective and efficient operation of a breeding program. The OneRice Breeding Framework developed at the International

Buckwheat, a valuable nutraceutical crop, is predominantly cultivated in low‐input marginal farming systems and faces productivity challenges due to abiotic stresses, including drought. Roots play a crucial role in stress tolerance and nutrient acquisition. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the root system architecture (RSA) of 117 buckwheat genotypes, including Fagopyrum esculentum and

Natural resource scarcity is a major concern worldwide, and rapid population growth exacerbates limitations on resources. On the other hand, climate change leads to irregular rainfall patterns, soil erosion, water scarcity, and reduced crop yields. In this way, the evolution of agricultural ecosystems and their diversity is affected by climate change and exacerbates the issues related to food security

Hessian fly [HF; Mayetiola destructor (Say)] is a serious pest of wheat in the United States, and growing HF‐resistant wheat cultivars is an effective approach to control the pest. H13 from Aegilops tauschii is a resistance gene on chromosome 6D that shows high resistance to multiple HF biotypes; however, diagnostic markers are not available for selection of the gene. This study developed two kompetitive

Grass‐legume pastures on acid soils of the temperate/Mediterranean climatic zone (∼29 million ha) of southern Australia are based almost entirely on a single annual legume (subterranean clover; Trifolium subterraneum L.). Serradellas (Ornithopus spp.) are options for legume diversification. We assessed maturity type among current serradella cultivars to evaluate whether widespread use is possible.

Robotic mowing equipment has rapidly increased in availability worldwide, but the first developed concepts for automating the mowing process are nearly 100 years old. The first attempt to commercialize a robotic mower was in the 1950s, with continued attempts to launch commercial products over subsequent decades. The two factors that most limited the evolution of robotic mowers over time were positioning

Belowground plant structures are integral to nutrient cycling in grassland ecosystems. However, relative to herbage responses, few studies have examined the belowground dynamics of warm‐season perennial forages under different management practices. This study evaluated root‐rhizome responses and decomposition dynamics of a perennial legume (rhizoma peanut [RP; Arachis glabrata Benth. ‘Ecoturf’]) under

Sorghum is the third most important food crop, grown on nearly 40 million ha globally, and is known for its resilience under unfavorable conditions. Sorghum is reported to have a strong biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) capacity in root systems, a plant function that suppresses soil nitrifier activity, which in turn prevents the nitrogen (N) loss by reducing nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a photoperiod‐sensitive legume native to Asia and a major global commodity crop. Adapting flowering time to match production environments can help maximize yield potential by extending the reproductive phase while optimizing the vegetative phase length. One major flowering gene, E1, and its two homologues, E1‐like‐A (E1LA) and E1‐like‐B (E1LB), have functionally

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical fruit that is grown commercially in many ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries. The fruit, with its attractive shape, unusual color, and unique taste, is becoming increasingly popular with consumers. The fruit has a thick pericarp that can protect the internal aril against improper postharvest handling, such as that from drops, abrasion

The Community Plant Breeding Team, a student‐led plant breeding initiative at the University of Minnesota, was initiated in 2021 in direct response to the local demand for culturally relevant food. We focus on improving access to African leafy vegetables, which are in high demand but face challenges such as poor adaptation to the Minnesota climate and limited seed availability. We aim to develop locally

The rising demand for plant‐based proteins has intensified interest in pulse crops due to their high protein concentration. Few studies have evaluated protein and amino acid composition or variability in cultivated lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). We evaluated protein and amino acid composition using near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy in a diversity panel grown in four site‐years in Saskatchewan

Perennial groundcover (PGC) research is an expanding field of study focused on utilizing the soil‐protecting characteristics of perennial plants as permanent intercrops in row‐crop agriculture systems. However, there are some risks that PGC could serve as a “green bridge” between cash crops. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is one such disease that could infect legume PGCs, like kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum

Stem rust and stripe rust are among the most devastating wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) diseases globally. This study used marker‐assisted selection to incorporate two resistance genes, Sr59 and YrSLU (where SLU is Swedish University of Agriculture Science), derived from rye (Secale cereale L.), into elite wheat backgrounds. The initial cross combined Sr59 from line TA5095 and YrSLU from line #392 using

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a vital leguminous forage crop, faces growth and distribution constraints due to abiotic stresses, such as drought. Pathogenesis‐related protein 1 (PR‐1) is a major class of plant defense proteins involved in responses to environmental stress. However, the distribution and functional roles of the PR‐1 gene family in alfalfa under drought stress remain largely unexplored

Climate fluctuations have made it increasingly difficult for growers to maintain the quality and quantity of their grain to a degree that is satisfactory to buyers. Challenges for growers are preharvest sprouting (PHS) and late‐maturity alpha‐amylase (LMA), which are influenced by weather and genetic differences between varieties. Both lead to the expression of alpha‐amylase enzymes in wheat (Triticum

Forage productivity is intrinsically linked to soil nutrient availability, influenced by soil pH, moisture, texture, organic matter, available nutrients, crop and cultivar selection, and climate. Alfalfa's (Medicago sativa L.) high demand for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) can deplete soil reserves by up to 120 kg P ha−1 year−1 and 400 kg K ha−1 year−1, necessitating informed fertility management

Selecting progenies evaluated in different seasons, locations, and years is a challenge for breeders in plant breeding programs. This is because different environmental conditions can lead to differential expression of genes involved in controlling traits of interest, resulting in the genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. Utilizing the G × E interaction appropriately can enhance the selection

Bentgrass (Agrostis spp.) cultivars vary in resistance to dollar spot caused by Clarireedia jacksonii. Using a damage threshold to schedule fungicide applications has potential for reducing fungicide inputs. Two field trials managed as fairway turf in North Brunswick, NJ, from 2018 to 2021 assessed the effectiveness of damage threshold fungicide schedules to control dollar spot on bentgrass cultivars

There has been a significant increase in cover crop adoption, with land use nearly doubling over the last decade. Winter legume cover crops provide several ecosystem services, such as weed suppression and reducing soil erosion, while serving as an excellent nitrogen source for subsequent cash crops. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa R.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), and winter pea (Pisum sativum

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) anthracnose disease has been a challenging issue for the past several years, causing about 30%–60% economic loss in its annual production. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides survives as an endophyte, during later stages develops infection, thereby causing serious pre‐ as well as postharvest crop losses. Such losses become difficult to overcome as the supply of the fruit gets

Leaf rust is a major biotic factor affecting wheat yield globally. However, the visual scoring technique to assess fungal disease in breeding programs requires significant expert manual labor and time. Unmanned aerial systems have the potential to scan large acreage in a short time for disease screening. An experiment was conducted at College Station and Castroville, TX, in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020

The University of Minnesota (UMN) Pyrethrum Breeding Program has been developing Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium with increased levels of Pyrethrin I/Pyrethrin II ratio (%Py) for over a decade. Pyrethrum is an economically important “green pesticide,” producing %Py in glandular trichomes, with the highest concentration in the flowers. The compounds are useful as insecticides for mosquito, deer tick,

Holland, J. B., Willcox, M.C., Samayoa, L. F., Woore, M. S., Salazar-Vidal, M. N., & Tracy, W. F. (2025). Oaxacan Green Dent maize is not from Oaxaca. Crop Science, 65, e70029. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70029 The ORCID ID of Martha C. Willcox was not included in the published version of this paper. Her ORCID ID is https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-1122 We apologize for this error.

Despite the well‐documented merits of near‐infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy for forage nutritive value analysis, recent studies reveal inconsistencies in accuracy of NIR‐predicted values. These findings underscore the critical need for robust validation efforts to ensure reliability. Employing visual tools, such as scatter plots comparing laboratory‐measured with NIR‐predicted values, enhances

Meeting the projected food demands of a global population nearing 10 billion by 2050 requires innovative strategies to expand food supply while addressing nutritional and environmental challenges. This review evaluates the potential of the Mexican yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban), an underutilized leguminous crop cultivated mainly for its storage roots—with tender pods also consumed as a vegetable—to

Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) is the most widely grown small grain cover crops in the United States. The rapid and intensive expansion of cereal rye as a cover crop for soil conservation and weed suppression may raise the concern of its invasiveness with ecological implications in a few years. Cereal rye has greater chances of developing weediness as compared to other small grain cover crops such

Cotton (Gossypium sp.) is an important natural fiber crop that supports a multi‐billion‐dollar textile industry worldwide. Improved breeding strategies are needed to develop heat‐ and drought‐tolerant cotton. Six upland cotton entries were grown in the Arizona low desert at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, and seed cotton yields were recorded. Cotton responses to abiotic stressors, including high

Large patch (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn: anastomosis group [AG] 2‐2) is a destructive disease in warm‐season turfgrasses worldwide, particularly zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.). Developing as an orange or tan color, the disease starts as small, round patches that can eventually progress to several meters in diameter. Large patch results in reduced turfgrass health, loss of turfgrass aesthetics, and playability

Martinelli, T., Gavazzi, F., Mascheretti, I., Panzeri, D., Börner, A., & Lauria, M. (2021). Seedbank seeds for the study of environmentally induced transgenerational epigenetic variability: A case study of barley. Crop Science, 61, 1241–1253. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20351 This erratum corrects the following errors: Figure S1 and Tables S1–S3 are missing from the Supporting Information. That has

As climate variability increases across the globe, understanding factors that affect grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) yield stability is crucial. Limited information is available on the impact of soil management such as tillage and nitrogen rate interaction with weather on yield stability of grain sorghum. The objective of this study was to (1) evaluate the effects of tillage intensity (conventional

In forages, genetic improvement in readily fermentable energy can improve the energy‐to‐protein balance, thus reducing N losses to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of recurrent selection targeting high nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC) concentrations in alfalfa stems on nutritive value and biomass yield. Populations developed after one to three cycles of recurrent selection for NFC

Ice encasement is a major concern for turfgrass managers in cold climates; however, there is a lack of data about both which turfgrasses are best suited for survival under these conditions and the reasons behind the superior recovery of some grasses from long‐term ice encasement. In this study, we encased golf course putting greens‐height field plots of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.)

Growers in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) are increasingly adopting winter wheat (WW; Triticum aestivum L.) into their crop rotations in years of ideal fall planting conditions due to its high yield potential. Our study evaluated WW responses to rotational crops, soybean (Glycine max L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris L.), field peas (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), canola (Brassica napus

Understanding patterns of crop response to environmental factors is critical to simulating target environments in selection environments. In early stages of varietal development, breeding lines are usually developed in centralized facilities. Subsequently, testing continues on a broader array of research stations before dissemination to farmers, fields. Such a system is practiced in common bean (Phaseolus

Fusarium head blight (FHB) infection causes yield loss, quality degradation, and the production of damaging mycotoxins in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Marker analysis suggests that NC13‐20076 does not possess previously identified FHB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) screened for in eastern winter wheat germplasm. A doubled haploid population of 168 lines from the cross of GA06493‐13LE6

Compelling evidence supports the potential application of wild crop relatives in Solanum breeding. Efforts have been made to generate genomic data from wild Solanum plants to assess the insertion of advantageous traits into crop species. South America hosts a broad range of plants that have not been widely evaluated at the molecular level. Solanum sessiliflorum is a wild species that shows tolerance

Incorporating forage legumes into grass swards has the potential to enhance the sustainability of pasture systems and reduce reliance on nitrogen fertilizers. The aim of this study was to assess the on‐farm performance of bahiagrass (BG; Paspalum notatum Flüggé)–rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.) mixtures compared to BG monocultures in three diverse environments across Florida. Three forage

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a critical crop for global food security; however, under certain conditions, rice grains can accumulate elevated levels of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd). Research has shown that alternate wetting and drying (AWD) of rice fields, rather than maintaining a continuous flood (FLD), can lower concentrations of both total As (tAs) and the more toxic inorganic As (iAs) in milled

Sedges (Carex spp.) are herbaceous perennials with more than 2100 species recognized, offering significant potential for use in mowed turf, landscape gardens, and ecosystem restoration. Breeding and development of improved cultivars within various species could have a broad impact across these industries. The lack of information on genetic diversity and genetic variation within most relevant species

Shaan‐GMS is a spontaneous dominant genic male sterile (GMS) line in Brassica napus, and its male sterility is genetically controlled by a single gene with three alleles of different dominant relationships (Mf > Ms, Ms > ms). Here, whole genome resequencing was performed on the homozygous (MsMs*MfMs) and heterozygous (Msms*msms) two‐type lines of Shaan‐GMS, respectively, for localizing male sterile

Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) is a semi‐domesticated genetic resource. In high‐latitude paddy ecosystems, weedy rice tends to head earlier than accompanied japonica rice. However, the heading allele genes underlying this weedy rice de‐domestication, which is crucial for understanding the genetic basis and repeatability of the heading, remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the

In‐context promoter bashing via genome editing is a route to identify and characterize critical regulatory regions that govern expression of genes of interest. The outcomes of in‐context promoter bashing can be used to inform editing strategies to modulate the expression of selected gene models in a desired fashion. Here, we employed in‐context promoter bashing to characterize the proximal upstream

Morrison, A. K., & Goldman, I. L. (2025). Chromosome 1 QTLs associated with response to bacterial leaf spot in Beta vulgaris. Crop Science, 65, e21448. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21448 In section 2.4 Genome-wide association study, the sentence “Therefore, to prevent type II error, the final analyzed and reported genotype input file used was filtered on the most stringent level, MAF 0.05 at a read

The Waxy locus (Wx) encodes the granule‐bound starch synthase enzyme, which synthesizes amylose, the long‐chain, unbranched starch polymer. Loss of function alleles of Wx result in the endosperm having a waxy appearance, and contain nearly all amylopectin, the highly branched starch polymer. A critical question for commercialization of waxy grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] for applications

Rastogi, K., Mankar, S. P., & Septiningsih, E. M. (2025). Genome-wide association study for traits related to cold tolerance and recovery during seedling stage in rice. Crop Science, e70003. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70003 In the “Data Availability Statement” section, the text “All data are available online: the Supplemental Material contains the list of rice accessions (Table S1) and the Phenotypic

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seed yield is influenced by the seasonal availability of resources (i.e., nutrients, light, and water). While nitrogen (N) supply is becoming a soybean yield‐limiting factor, the N‐induced effect in seed yield components is still unclear. The objective of this research was to assess the effect of N supply on soybean yield components distribution within the canopy. A

Oaxacan Green Dent is a maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar marketed as an introduced Mexican heritage cultivar adapted to the higher latitudes of the United States. Its adaptation and appearance contradict an origin in Oaxaca, Mexico, however, and no indigenous cultivars in Oaxaca are known to have the unique kernel colors of Oaxacan Green Dent. We compared phenotypes and genotypes of Oaxacan Green Dent

The development of pyrethroid resistance within annual bluegrass weevil (ABW), Listronotus maculicollis (Kirby), a severe pest of golf course turfgrass in eastern North America, has created a dire need for alternatives to conventional insecticides. This study assessed the efficacy of novaluron, a recently registered benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator which inhibits chitin synthesis in developing

Rhg1 is the most important locus conferring resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycine Ichinohe) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Previous research has shown that to obtain viable plants, the SCN resistance allele at Rhg1 on chromosome 18 needs to be paired with NSFRAN07, an atypical resistance‐associated NSF allele of the N‐ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) gene on chromosome

Numerous novel sources of resistance to Phytophthora sojae, which causes Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean (Glycine max, [L.] Merr), have been identified, but not all loci have been mapped and few have been cloned. Two plant introductions (PIs), PI 399079 and PI 408132, were identified as sources of Rps‐gene mediated resistance through inoculations with numerous isolates individually and a

Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are planted across a wide range of planting dates (PDs) (March to early August) in the Southeast United States, resulting in a wide range of growing conditions and, consequently, soybean production practices used. Current seeding rate (SR) recommendations should be revisited to reflect the range of PDs and other management practices used in the Southeast United States