-
Review of Breeze, Gintsburg & Baynham (2022): Narrating Migrations from Africa and the Middle East Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2025-04-17
Maheen Haider AlipoorThis article reviews Narrating Migrations from Africa and the Middle East 9781350274549
-
Abstraction in storytelling Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2025-04-17
Stephen PihlajaDiscussions of storytelling and narrative have encompassed abstraction in different ways including master narratives (Bamberg, 1997) and storylines (Harré & van Lagenhove, 1998). These discussions, however, have often viewed storytelling and abstraction as a binary distinction, rather than a spectrum where speakers move between different levels of abstraction when recounting experiences. This article
-
Assessing coherence and fidelity Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2025-04-17
Mehmet Ali Üzelgün, Hossein Turner, Rahmi Oruç, Goncagül ŞahinNon-fictional narratives have an open-ended character that projects roles and values to those who participate in them. Narrative participation, in turn, entails narrative assessment and identification processes, through which adherence to values and positions may fail or be achieved. In the analysis of interviews with university students across Turkey, we draw on Fisher’s narrative paradigm to focus
-
Narratives of stressful and traumatic personal experience disclosed by students with mental health conditions in medical consultations Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2025-04-17
Agnieszka SowińskaThis paper advances the field of narratives by focusing on the narratives of personal experience disclosed by students with mental health conditions, in particular depression, anxiety and borderline personality disorder, in medical consultations. I draw on sociolinguistic and discourse-analytic approaches to the analysis of narratives in interaction, viewing language as a tool for constructing social
-
Narrative processing and the forms and functions of aggressive behavior Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2025-04-17
Qingfang Song, Maria Lent, Dianna Murray-Close, Tong Suo, Qi WangThis study investigated the associations of narrative processing while recounting a past victimization experience with different forms (i.e., physical and relational) and functions (i.e., reactive vs proactive) of aggressive behavior. Moderating effects of respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity and gender were explored. Two hundred college students participated in a semi-structured laboratory interview
-
Shifting discourses of togetherness and heroism in retold earthquake stories Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2025-04-17
Hayden Blain, Paul MillarThis paper examines how disaster-related discourses are produced in storytelling, and whether and in what way these discourses may change in the second telling. We examine two sets of retold stories taken from a corpus of 123 retold stories about the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes in New Zealand. Findings indicate that these storytellers tell structurally similar stories, yet implement subtle linguistic
-
How Turkish citizens perceive Syrian refugees in Turkey Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2025-04-17
Merve Armağan-Boğatekin, Ivy K. HoTurkey is the largest refugee host country in the world with about 3.5 million registered Syrian refugees. In this study, we explored intergroup relations between Syrian refugees and Turks in Turkey. We focused on how Turkish people perceived Syrian refugees in Turkey and how these two groups interacted daily. We used an adaptation of McAdams’ Life Story Interview and asked questions about Syrian refugees
-
Turning points as a tool in narrative research Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2025-04-17
Malin Wieslander, Håkan LöfgrenThis article focuses on how the concept of “turning points” can be used in narrative research when studying people’s (professional) identities and identity formation. By examining various understandings of turning points, we aim to show how they can be identified and used as analytical tools in different ways when conducting narrative analyses of (professional) identity formation. A case study from
-
Love, actually Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2025-04-17
Alaina Leverenz, Jennifer G. Bohanek, Robyn FivushIndividuals create both personal and culturally shared meaning through narratives; however, sparse research has explored the specific ways in which individuals might use such cultural narratives in creating meaning from developmentally important experiences. In this study, we examine how emerging adults narrate positive romantic relationships, both because emerging adulthood is critical for the development
-
Narrating the sociotechnical mess Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-12-06
Pasi Raatikainen, Matias NurminenThis article investigates how the core features of narratives and the logic of storytelling are manifested in stories told by the developers and users of an information system and how they may adversely affect their perceptions of the ongoing implementation process. Information systems and the way they operate create a negative cycle where primarily problems possess tellability. We identify a negative
-
Narratology, applied Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-12-06
Lois PresserCriminology is foundationally an applied discipline, or one whose knowledge seeks to shape some non-academic practice. Narratives – particularly the narratives of parties to ‘crime’ – are essential to criminology, but criminologists have hardly engaged with narratology. This paper tracks the progression from traditional narrative research involving harm agents and criminalized persons to a relatively
-
Computational recognition of narratives Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-12-06
Mari Hatavara, Kirsi Sandberg, Mykola Andrushchenko, Sari Hälikkö, Jyrki Nummenmaa, Timo Nummenmaa, Jaakko Peltonen, Matti HyvärinenComputational recognition of narratives, if successful, would find innumerable applications with large digitized datasets. Systematic identification of narratives in the text flow could significantly contribute to such pivotal questions as where, when, and how narratives are employed. This paper discusses an approach to extract narratives from two datasets, Finnish parliamentary records (1980–2021)
-
The structured narrative interview Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-12-06
Sjoerd-Jeroen Moenandar, Floor Basten, Giti Taran, Ariadni Panagoulia, Gemma Coughlan, Joana DuarteIn this study, Greimas’s work on narrative structure is used to improve a specific practice: the research interview. In the social sciences, narrative interviewing often consists of collecting data from which a narrative is then constructed through analysis afterwards. In the interview method presented here, the interviewer instead prompts the interviewee to construct a narrative. We introduce the
-
Applying the approach of narrative agency Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-12-06
Eevastiina Kinnunen, Hanna Meretoja, Päivi KosonenIn this article, we discuss a dialogue between narrative theory, reading group practices, and analysis of reading group participants’ experiences. Hanna Meretoja’s theory of narrative agency has informed us in developing a new reading group model that aims to enhance the participants’ narrative agency, and, in turn, the analysis of the reading group experiences provides us with new knowledge on the
-
Toward engaged narratology Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-12-06
Anna OvaskaIn recent years, strands of contemporary narrative theory have taken a turn toward a politically, socially, and environmentally conscious field of study that could be characterized as ‘engaged narratology.’ Creating and disseminating knowledge about how narratives work, these theories emphasize that narrative forms and strategies are neither universal nor neutral; they carry out, but can also challenge
-
Applying narratology to nursing practice Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-12-06
Cindie Aaen Maagaard, Eva Ann LærknerThis article presents an exercise in applied narratology within the context of intensive care nursing, specifically the writing of diaries by nurses for patients to fill in memory gaps and alleviate trauma. The article discusses narrative from three perspectives: (1) as nursing practice, resulting in patient diaries with narrative characteristics and purposes; (2) as analysis of this practice, in a
-
Introduction Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-12-06
Sjoerd-Jeroen Moenandar, Laura Karttunen, Anna Ovaska -
Organizational small storymaking Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-12-06
Ann Starbæk Bager, John G. McClellanIn this contribution, we place narrative theory in conversation with narrative practice to offer a small storymaking approach for engendering organizational change. Drawing on insights from counter-narrative studies, small story analysis, and communicative approaches to organizational change, we offer an applied narratology that conceptualizes organizational change as occurring in small storymaking
-
Review of Vine & Richards (2022): Stories, Storytellers, and Storytelling Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-21
Yuan PingThis article reviews Stories, Storytellers, and Storytelling 978-3-031-07234-5
-
Review of Elimam & Fletcher (2022): The Qur’an, Translation and the Media: A Narrative Account Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-21
Mehrdad Vasheghani Farahani, Malek Al RefaaiThis article reviews The Qur’an, Translation and the Media: A Narrative Account
-
Emotional engagement in expressive writing Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-21
Daphna Sabo Mordechay, Zohar Eviatar, Bracha NirHaCohen et al. (2018) identified three types of narratives that emerge in the context of integrating a difficult event into one’s life story. We use their identification while focusing on the quality of emotional involvement evidenced in texts, and combining it with an abstract-content text analysis. This allows us to quantify emotional engagement in Expressive Writing (EW) texts. We analyze personal-experience
-
Forgiveness through Writing Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-21
John Patrick Crowley, Amanda Denes, Ambyre Ponivas, Shana Makos, Joseph WhittResearch has identified that writing can help individuals find forgiveness for their romantic partners in the wake of relational transgressions, but little is known about the actual narrative components that bring about changes in forgiveness. The current study sought to investigate the narrative components that contribute to month-long changes in forgiveness for romantic partners who have recently
-
Pre-adolescents narrate classroom experience Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-21
Isabella Fante, Colette DaiuteThis study applies sociocultural narrative theory and method to integrate children’s perspectives into research on classroom climate. Sociocultural narrative theory explains how individuals use expressive genres to make sense of environments, how they fit, and what they would like to change. This study incorporates such theory and method into a qualitative research design, applying quantitative analysis
-
Employable identities Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-21
Emily GreenbankNavigating the labour market in a new context can be a challenge for any migrant, and particularly so for former refugees, who are often unable to find employment appropriate for their qualification and experience levels. This study takes an Interactional Sociolinguistic approach to exploring how three former refugees navigate employability in narrative, from the social constructionist perspective
-
Ta as an emergent language practice of audience design in CMC Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-21
Kerry SluchinskiThis study examines the use of ungendered third person Chinese pronoun ta in digital first-and-third person voiced discourses (i.e. small stories). The study asks what implications the script choice ta, as opposed to gendered 他 ta ‘he’ and 她 ta ‘she’, has for audience design and the facilitation of character empathy. The study draws on 131 digital texts from celebrity verified accounts on social media
-
Narrating organisational identity Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-21
Lise-Lotte HolmgreenOrganisational identity may be understood as the result of communication processes, e.g. in the form of narratives and stories, that continuously intertwine and compete for the right to define the organisation (Boje, 1995; Humle & Frandsen, 2017). This understanding forms the background of the article which analyses the narrative struggles in a local Danish airport whose collective identity was challenged
-
The power of narrative Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-21
Ariana F. Turner, Henry R. Cowan, Rembrandt Otto-Meyer, Dan P. McAdamsMuch of the research on narrative identity has used the Life Story Interview (LSI) to better understand the person through the story they construct of their life. However, the effect that the LSI has on participants has not yet been examined. Study 1 looked at 163 middle-aged adults who completed a measure of self-reported positive and negative affect both immediately before and after being interviewed
-
Review of Weinstein & Miller (2021): Finding the Right Words: A Story of Literature, Grief, and the Brain Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-22
Krista L. HarrisonThis article reviews Finding the Right Words: A Story of Literature, Grief, and the Brain $22.95$22.959781421441269
-
Review of Lambrou (2021): Narrative Retellings: Narrative Approaches Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-22
Shaoliang YangThis article reviews Narrative Retellings: Narrative Approaches
-
Flashbulb memories Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-22
Abstract The two authors – one from literary and cultural studies, the other a cognitive psychologist – explore how the interdisciplinary perspective of Memory Studies can broaden and enrich current research efforts on flashbulb memories (FBMs). FBMs are memories of the circumstances in which one learned of a public emotionally charged event, such as 9/11. Psychological research on FBMs have focused
-
“Our nights do not belong to us” Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-22
Weronika Wosińska, Wanda ZagórskaThe research aim was to gain a more thorough understanding of the experiences by former prisoners of the trauma of the time spent in a Nazi concentration camp and reworking it by dreaming. The material comprised 117 written accounts obtained by psychiatrist Stanisław Kłodziński in the 1970s from 38 former Polish national prisoners of KL Auschwitz-Birkenau (17 women and 21 men). A quantitative and qualitative
-
Cultural memories and their re-actualizations Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-22
Thomas Van de PutteMemory studies has, in only a few decades, produced insights in two inter-related processes. First, memory scholars theorized how representations of the past become socially shared. Secondly, they theorized how these cultural and collective memories circulate and are being re-actualized in different contexts. But critiques of the field have targeted the metaphorical and reified nature of cultural memory
-
Sharing ‘memories’ on Instagram Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-22
Taylor AnnabellThis article examines the performance of remembered experience within sharing in-the-moment carried out by young women on Instagram. I propose that the small stories analytical framework provides a way to examine at a micro level sharing of ‘memories’ online by addressing practices of selecting the past, showing and telling the past and interacting with the past in digital traces. For digital memory
-
Implicit narratives and narrative agency Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-22
Hanna MeretojaThis article proposes the concept of implicit narrative as an analytic tool that helps to articulate how cultural models of narrative sense-making steer us to certain patterns of experience, discourse, and interaction, and the concept of narrative agency as an analytic tool for theorizing and evaluating the processes in which we navigate our narrative environments, which consist of a range of implicit
-
Memory is an interpretive action Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-22
Brian SchiffIn this essay, I aim to shore up the epistemological foundations of memory studies so that it can more productively fulfill its promise to understand the dynamics of shared meaning-making. I argue for theoretical and, hence, methodological, advancement toward a more precise vocabulary for describing the movement of meaning over time and space and between persons as they engage with resources and each
-
Introduction Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-22
Alma Jeftic, Thomas Van de Putte, Johana Wyss -
Review of Bell, Browse, Gibbons & Peplow (2021): Style and Reader Response: Minds, Media, Methods Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-10
Chloe HarrisonThis article reviews Style and Reader Response: Minds, Media, Methods 9789027260376
-
The other-granted self of Korean “comfort women” Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-10
Hanwool ChoeAbstract Bringing together “identity as agency” (Schiffrin, 1996; De Fina, 2003), Bamberg’s (1997) three-level positioning, and Tannen’s (2008) narrative types, I analyze three interview narratives of Korean women coerced into the Japanese military’s sexual slavery during World War II, commonly known as “comfort women”. Through an eye toward “others” – e.g., Japanese soldiers, “comfort station” managers
-
Incremental validity of narrative identity in predicting psychological well-being Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-10
Sun W. Park, Soul Kim, Hyun Moon and Hyunjin ChaAbstract The goal of the present study was to replicate and extend previous research that demonstrated the incremental validity of narrative identity in predicting psychological well-being among Korean adults. We recruited 147 Korean adults living in South Korea who completed a battery of questionnaires that assessed the Big Five traits, extrinsic value orientation, self-concept clarity, and psychological
-
The psychophysiology of narrating distressing experiences Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-10
Monisha Pasupathi, Cecilia Wainryb, Stacia Bourne and Cade MansfieldWe examined patterns of psychophysiological arousal related to remembering and narrating distressing events, as compared to arousal while engaged in positive and neutral recall tasks. Narrating distressing events entailed increased arousal relative to remembering those events. Analyses of combined data showed that aggregate arousal during narration was related to post-narration reports of distress
-
Psychologizing childhood in the reality show Biggest Loser Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-10
Magnus KilgerObesity and overweight are central issues in contemporary western societies, and the public debates in media are extensive. This paper investigates stories from participants in the reality TV-show Biggest Loser, and how the participants invoke temporal identity changes and childhood traumas to produce discursively accepted narratives about the causes for being obese. This study analyses personal stories
-
Storytalk and complex constructions of nonhuman agency Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-10
Heidi Toivonen and Marco CaraccioloRecent work in environmental philosophy has uncoupled the notion of agency from the human domain, arguing that the efficacy of nonhuman entities and processes can also be construed as a form of “agency.” In this paper, we study discursive constructions of nonhuman agency as they appear in a set of interviews revolving around fictional narratives. The participants were asked to read microfiction engaging
-
Older adults’ conversations and the emergence of “narrative crystals” Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-10
Annette Gerstenberg and Heidi E. HamiltonAbstract Energized by seminal scholarship within narrative studies; communication studies of aging and dementia; and formulaic language, we examined a wide range of stories told multiple times within two different longitudinal collections of verbal interactions involving two women in their 80s (one US American; one French). Based on multifaceted analyses of these longitudinal series of stories, we
-
When it’s “now or never” Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-10
Ignacio SattiIndividuals who share knowledge of past events may encounter different practical problems when engaging in the co-telling of those events. Drawing upon conversation analysis, this article investigates how co-tellers manage interpolated opportunities to initiate other-repair in collaborative storytelling. The analysis focuses on the placement of different repair operations on the story-in-progress and
-
“I AM HERE AND I MATTER” Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-10
Lauren ZentzIn this article I operationalize the term “virtue signaling”, a term generally pejoratively used towards people’s assertions of values on social media platforms, as “moral-political stancetaking”, an activity that is actually quite common on- and offline and that works to exert peer pressure toward onlookers and addressees so that they will adopt certain values. Using analytical frameworks of small
-
Culture and storytelling in literature Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2023-02-10
Qi Wang and Jenny Chun-I YangThe present study compared ways of storytelling in Western and Asian literature. Content analysis was performed on Amazon.com and New York Times best-selling fictions and memoirs (N = 102) by Western and Asian authors. Although authors of the two cultural groups described similar numbers of event episodes per chapter, Western authors depicted the episodes in greater detail than Asian authors in both
-
Review of Andrus (2021): Narratives of Domestic Violence: Policing, Identity, and Indexicality Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-14
Sabina M. PerrinoThis article reviews Narratives of Domestic Violence: Policing, Identity, and Indexicality 9781108839525$110.00
-
Review of Fodor (2020): Ethnic subjectivity in intergenerational memory narratives: The politics of the untold Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-14
Roberta PiazzaThis article reviews Ethnic subjectivity in intergenerational memory narratives: The politics of the untold $116.00$34.969781138489837
-
Review of Loseke (2019): Narrative productions of meanings: Exploring the work of stories in social life Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-14
Charlotte L. WilinskyThis article reviews Narrative productions of meanings: Exploring the work of stories in social life 978-1-4985-7777-9
-
“But what about the beginning?” Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-14
Kimberly R. Kelly, Grace Ocular, Jennifer Zamudio and Jesus PlascenciaThis mixed model study first implemented a quantitative approach to investigate the structural coherence of the narratives that 3- to 6-year old children construct with and without their mothers. We then employed qualitative analysis to identify and categorize strategies that mothers used to scaffold their children’s developing sequencing skill during narrative conversations. Analysis of 233 co-constructed
-
The continuum of identities in immigrant students’ narratives in Greece Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-14
Argiris ArchakisOur study draws on the interaction between the micro-level of individual discursive choices and the macro-level of discourses. Having at our disposal narratives by immigrant students in Greece, we highlight the continuum of identities observed. For the investigation of immigrant students’ identity construction in their narratives, we mainly employ an enriched version of Bamberg’s model (1997) on narrative
-
Preparing students for intentional conversations with older adults Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-14
Margaret McAllister, Leanne Dodd, Colleen Ryan and Donna Lee BrienThis paper presents the findings from a study introducing nursing students to narrative production. The aim was to use Story Theory to inspire students to intentionally collaborate with older people and produce a mini-biography of those individuals. Narrative theory was utilised in four ways: designing an educational intervention; collecting and developing older peoples’ life stories; framing an understanding
-
Presenting self and aligning as a team through narratives of victimhood among Kazakh-speaking village neighbors Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-14
Aisulu KulbayevaThis study illustrates how personal narratives of victimized self serve two Kazakh-speaking village neighbors to accomplish self-presentation during a mealtime interaction. Integrating Goffman’s (1959) theorization of self-presentation with narrative positioning (Bamberg, 1997; Schiffrin, 1996) and Muslim cultural practices (e.g., Al Zidjaly, 2006), this study conceptualizes mealtime conversations
-
Difficulties with telling the truth in non-fictive narratives and the issue of fictionalization Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-14
Katarzyna FilutowskaThe purpose of this paper is to discuss difficulties with telling the truth in non-fictive narratives (e.g. trauma stories, rape narratives, asylum-seekers’ narratives). In order to do that I analyze, among others, various discourse fictionalization strategies, such as emplotment, narrative substances (Nss), vague predicates, and approximate references. I argue that these strategies are conditioned
-
“Beloved monster” Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-14
Athena Androutsopoulou, Ioannis Kalyvopoulos, Emmanuel Koukidis, Georgia Koutsavgousti, Ioanna Passa, Eleni Tarnara and Charikleia TsatsaroniThis psychobiography study looks into one aspect of Frida Kahlo’s life, her relationship with Diego Rivera. It attempts to solve the puzzle of how Frida managed to reconcile her dedication to Diego, whose behavior was hurtful, with her rebellious character and ideology. Adopting a narrative/dialogical theoretical lens and employing the narrative inquiry method of languages of the unsayable that analyses
-
Small stories with big implications Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-14
Robin Wooffitt, Alicia Fuentes-Calle and Rebecca CampbellIn this paper we examine reports of poetic confluence, in which one person’s utterances seems to connect with another’s unspoken or unarticulated thoughts. We argue that analysis of these narratives can be investigated as a window onto social reality, and as a site in which social realities are produced, especially with respect to identity work. We show how this approach complements and develops from
-
-
Review of Bell, Browse, Gibbons & Peplow (2021): Style and Reader Response: Minds, Media, Methods Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-03-25
Chloe Harrison -
Older adults’ conversations and the emergence of “narrative crystals” Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-03-10
Annette Gerstenberg,Heidi E. HamiltonAbstractEnergized by seminal scholarship within narrative studies; communication studies of aging and dementia; and formulaic language, we examined a wide range of stories told multiple times within two different longitudinal collections of verbal interactions involving two women in their 80s (one US American; one French). Based on multifaceted analyses of these longitudinal series of stories, we identified
-
“I tell you don’t trust the French” Narrative Inquiry (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2022-01-31
Michael HandfordNational stereotypes are inherently evaluative, often negatively, and potentially prejudicial. While research has examined stereotypes from an organisational perspective, this is overwhelmingly in experimental settings involving students (Landy, 2008); in other words not in workplaces, and not involving employees doing their jobs. Through a corpus-assisted discourse analysis of 53 authentic business