IntroductionThe sound speed in the ocean significantly influences the propagation characteristics of underwater acoustic signals. Rapid acquisition of underwater three-dimensional (3D) sound speed fields is essential for target detection, acoustic communication, and underwater navigation. The usual used single empirical orthogonal function (sEOF) method, which reconstructs sound speed profiles (SSP)

Obligate freshwater stingrays of the Potamotrygoninae subfamily are endemic to South America and confined to freshwater systems heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities. These pressures often lead to habitat degradation, with unknown impacts on these species’ physiology, behavior, ecology, and survival. Given the increasing pollution of aquatic environments and potential lethal and sublethal effects

IntroductionThis study examines 20 years of killer whale (Orcinus orca) sightings (2002–2023) in the eastern Canadian Arctic, drawing from a comprehensive sighting database spanning 1850–2023. Despite inherent biases favoring data collection near communities and coastal areas, spatiotemporal analyses reveal significant shifts in killer whale distribution linked to changing sea ice conditions.MethodsWe

This work evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with the seaweed, Pterocladia capillacea, nanoparticles (SN) on the growth, whole-body composition, digestive enzyme activities, feed efficiency, immunological response, antioxidant activity, and gene expression of the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The SN form was conducted using a Planetary Ball Mill PM 400. The particle size of the

By creating habitats or influencing the immediate physical environment, ecosystem engineers shape the diversity, function and services provided by ecosystems. Thus, the disruption of these species is relevant given their broad influence on native communities and ecosystems. As such, we review the effects (positive, negative, or neutral) of a widespread invasive species, the European green crab (Carcinus

Pteropods are marine planktonic snails that are used as bioindicators of ocean acidification due to their thin, aragonitic shells, and ubiquity throughout the world’s oceans; their responses include decreased size, reduced shell thickness, and increased shell dissolution. Shell dissolution has been measured with a variety of metrics involving light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and

Predation is a major source of mortality in bottom - cultured scallops. To investigate the behavioral, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying predator - induced stress responses, an integrative approach was employed on Yesso scallops (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) exposed to the northern Pacific sea star (Asterias amurensis) by combining shell clap behavior quantification, enzyme activity assays

Synechococcus elongatus is a model cyanobacterium with remarkable adaptability to diverse environmental stresses, making it a promising candidate for the photoautotrophic conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals. This review explores the adaptive mechanisms that allow S. elongatus to survive under various abiotic stresses, such as changes in CO2 levels, heavy metals, and light conditions

Octopus, an abundant marine species with diverse applications, is attracting growing attention for its unique biological characteristics and potential utilization in food science and biotechnology. Octopus contain amino acids, active peptides, fatty acids and trace elements and these bioactives exhibit a wide range of effects, including anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, antioxidant and anti-aging activities

Estuaries comprise important but often-degraded fish nursery habitat. People have invested considerable resources into restoring estuaries to rehabilitate habitats, but comparatively little work has evaluated population outcomes for target species. Here, we examined the response of a threatened population of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to estuary restoration in their natal tidal delta

Channel deepening and narrowing are common anthropogenic modifications in estuaries, but their combined effects on estuarine circulation, stratification, and sediment transport remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates these combined impacts in the North Passage of the Changjiang Estuary, where large-scale deepening and narrowing have significantly altered hydrodynamic and sediment

This study examines the wave climate and its influence on potential Longshore Sediment Transport (LST) along the Shippagan coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada. Using a combination of in-situ observations and ERA5 reanalysis data, the research evaluates both seasonal and annual variations in wave dynamics and sediment transport, with particular attention to the role of extreme weather

Accurate estimation of air-sea fluxes is essential for advancing ocean modeling, observational studies, and understanding air-sea interactions. To address this need, the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) developed and deployed a Flux Reference System (INCOIS-FRS) onboard ORV Sagar Nidhi. This article provides an overview of the system, its components, data acquisition methods

The family Echeneidae, which belongs to the order Carangiformes, is a group of marine fish recognized for their distinctive hitchhiking behavior. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to investigate the genomic characteristics of three species within the family Echeneidae. The results indicated that the genome sizes of Remora remora, Remora albescens, and Echeneis naucrates

Seagrass beds provide important ecosystem services and are valued, in part, for their potential to mediate stressors such as ocean acidification and hypoxia (OAH) for sensitive species. However, the susceptibility of seagrasses to anthropogenic impacts and recent declines motivate the need to better understand the drivers of seagrass and the water quality consequences that occur with variation in seagrass

Intelligent ship energy efficiency online monitoring systems should possess the capability to monitor a ship’s primary energy-consuming equipment, navigation conditions, and other relevant parameters. In this study, the parameters obtained from engine test data were integrated into the system for verification purposes. The analysis focused on energy distribution and variations in the excess air coefficient

IntroductionAnatomical information is crucial in marine biology research. Traditionally, destructive techniques, such as slice imaging of the sample, are used to image the inside of the sample, which are unsuitable for valuable or rare specimens. While energy-integrating detectors computed tomography (CT) can provide non-invasive anatomical information, it suffers from limitations such as low spatial

The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement marks a significant step in governing global commons, yet faces implementation challenges regarding marine genetic resources (MGRs). Key limitations include ambiguous definitions of derivatives, tension between freedom of high seas and common heritage principles, and uncertain benefit-sharing models. In response, this paper proposes three

Marine hardgrounds are common features during the Phanerozoic and hold significant sedimentological and economic importance. Intriguingly, previous reports of marine hardgrounds are concentrated in Calcite Seas, despite elevated seawater CaCO3 saturation in Aragonite Seas. This bias remains unclear in origin and requires more hardground information, especially from Aragonite Seas, for clarification

Marine heat waves (MHWs) are recognized as pervasive drivers of impacts on marine species and ecosystems across the world; however, sub-Arctic areas that are rapidly losing seasonal sea-ice cover remain understudied. In this research, we examine a forty-year time series of MHW characteristics in the seasonally ice-covered James Bay region of the Canadian Inland Seas in central Canada. Through the period

Soft-sediment habitats are crucial for marine coastal ecosystems, supporting diverse biodiversity both above and below the sediment. Ocean acidification, driven by rising CO2 and nutrient influx, enhances heterotrophic metabolism, raising CO2 levels and lowering pH. These alterations complicate the dynamics of tidal flat, emphasizing the need for further research into their impact on biodiversity.

The effects of global warming are most pronounced at high latitudes and are a threat to primary productivity patterns and, in particular, to sea ice algae. Here, we investigated the importance of ice algae in the diet of megabenthic organisms belonging to several feeding guilds across several locations in the Canadian Arctic characterised by different sea ice conditions using two biochemical approaches

The mushroom industry generates by-products often classified as waste, making waste management a significant concern. To address this challenge and meet the growing demand for alternative protein sources in aquafeeds, this study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo digestibility of mushroom meals derived from three commercially cultivated species: Agaricus bisporus (AB), Lentinula edodes (LE), and Pleurotus

Cold-water coral mounds are common along the continental margins of the Atlantic Ocean. They are formed by coral growth and sediment accumulation and consist of coral fragments embedded in hemipelagic sediments. Coral mounds are expected to provide high-resolution palaeo-records due to their elevated morphology. However, most sediment cores from coral mounds exhibit significant hiatuses (stratigraphic

This study focuses on tracking cranes and storks to aid in wetland ecological protection. Multi-target tracking of these birds presents challenges such as frequent occlusions, sudden appearances, and disappearances. To tackle these issues, we propose a novel multi-target tracking algorithm, AviaryMOT, which utilizes a fusion technique that combines shallow and deep features to enhance tracking accuracy

The ocean plays an essential role in regulating Earth’s climate, influencing weather conditions, providing sustenance for large populations, moderating anthropogenic climate change, encompassing massive biodiversity, and sustaining the global economy. Human activities are changing the oceans, stressing ocean health, threatening the critical services the ocean provides to society, with significant consequences

This study compares pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) production in three systems: a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), an in-pond raceway system (IPRS), and a traditional pond polyculture (POND). Each system was stocked with 1500 juveniles and cultured for 24 weeks. The RAS fish exhibited the most intensive growth, achieving the highest final total length, final body weight, condition factor and

Like many other regions worldwide, rising sea levels threaten to inundate India’s coastal zones and resources, potentially leaving millions impoverished and displaced. India is set to be among the countries severely impacted by climate change and rising sea levels. Fortunately, India has an adaptation strategy that could mitigate some of these effects and help prolong its resilience. This strategy

The importance of ocean currents in influencing the connectivity and dispersal of marine megafauna, including sea turtles, is becoming increasingly recognized. However, more comprehensive studies are needed on how these currents impact the genetic makeup and connectivity of green turtle Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) populations in the Pacific Islands region. To address this gap, our study conducted

IntroductionCoral restoration efforts increasingly focus on enhancing larval settlement and post-settlement survival. However, the species-specific efficacy of different settlement inducers remains inadequately understood, limiting optimization of restoration protocols.MethodsThis study systematically assessed the effectiveness of three settlement inducers—Crustose coralline algae (CCA), Chemical (CaCl2)

IntroductionCompared to mammals and birds, sex-determining genes differ in most fish species. Largemouth bass (Micropterus Salmoides) is one of the most important cultured fish species in China, and there are growth differences between males and females. However, its sex-determining genes and mechanisms currently remain unknown.MethodsWe explored the sex-determination mechanism by integrating whole-genome

In saline-alkaline water, carbonate alkalinity (CA) stands as the predominant detrimental environmental element impacting aquatic fauna. As a multifunctional organ, the gill plays a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism in shrimp. In this study, the low-salinity cultured Litopenaeus vannamei was exposed to CA stress for a period of 7 days, and then the stress was relieved and recovered for

Several global and regional initiatives exist to increase the proportion of seafloor mapped by direct measurements, brought together through international collaborations, of which the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project is perhaps the most well-known. Nearly halfway into the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, we used publicly available bathymetric and type-identifier

Saccostrea mordax is an ecologically important bivalve species and a potential genetic resource for oyster breeding that inhabit in the Indo-Western Pacific region, characterized by three distinct lineages: A, B, and C. However, limited information is available about its genetic variation and genetic structure. The present study was conducted to study genetic diversity and population structure of S

On September 20 2024 China and Japan reached four consensuses on the discharge of Fukushima ALPS-treated water into the sea. This not only eased the tense trade relations between the two states but also provided an important opportunity to build a new type of marine environmental protection cooperation in Northeast Asia. In fact there are multiple environmental protection communication mechanisms in

BackgroundTraditional water indices often misclassify shadows as water, especially in polar regions. This study aims to improve water extraction accuracy by analyzing the spectral characteristics of water and shadows.MethodsA statistical analysis of the reflectance curves between red and green bands was conducted using Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery. Based on the steepness of decline in reflectance

The international ship registration system is an important component of shipping policy. A review of its historical development in China reveals that its implementation has yet to achieve the intended outcomes. The construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port presents a valuable opportunity to advance the development of this system. Based on the Theory of Change Model, this study assesses the current

Global marine pollution demands effective governance measures, with international investment law playing a crucial role. This study explores ocean pollution governance through international investment law, focusing on two aspects. First, it examines environmental clauses in investment agreements and their influence on host countries’ environmental regulatory space. Second, it assesses China’s current

IntroductionAccurate identification of ship behavioral patterns is essential for maritime management, contributing to improved regulatory efficiency, accident prevention, navigation safety, and scheduling. However, traditional methods often struggle with the complexity of high-dimensional, time-series trajectory data.MethodsTo overcome these challenges, this study proposes the following optimized graph

IntroductionHigh-resolution sonar systems are critical for underwater robots to obtain precise environmental perception. However, the computational demands of processing sonar imagery in real-time pose significant challenges for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) operating in dynamic environments. Current segmentation methods often struggle to balance processing speed with accuracy.MethodsWe propose

Extracting tidal constituents in coastal regions remains a major challenge due to complex bathymetry, nonlinear shallow-water effects, and land contamination in satellite altimetry measurements. While tide gauges provide high-precision tidal observations, their sparse spatial coverage limits their utility for global coastal studies. Global tidal models, though improved by data assimilation, often suffer

Understanding the characteristics of breaking waves in deep and intermediate waters is crucial for air-sea interactions. Recent advancements in modelling these interactions have often relied on numerical wave tanks using Stokes waves, which may not fully represent real-world conditions. To address this gap, we developed a numerical wave tank to investigate the effects of different turbulence models

Seagrass beds are significant sinks for microplastics. However, the degradation of seagrass beds poses significant challenges, and evidence regarding its impacts on microplastic sinks remains scarce. In this study, sediment cores were collected to investigate microplastic stock and composition, microplastic carbon, and organic carbon stock in Zostera japonica seagrass bed and adjacent degraded area

Globally, the growth of plastic production has increased exponentially from 1.5 million metric tons (Mt) in 1950 to 400.3 Mt in 2022, resulting in a substantial increase of marine litter along the coastal region. Presently, there is a growing interest in using an artificial intelligence (AI) based automatic and cost-effective approach to identify marine litter for clean-up processes. This study aims

IntroductionChina's rapid economic growth has led to escalating environmental pollution, significantly impacting mangrove ecosystems. The persistence and response to pollution in mangrove ecosystems involve multiple processes, including the accumulation of contaminants in sediments, their transport in plants, and their accumulation in other organisms. However, comprehensive studies on the multidimensional

China’s coastal marine economy, a key part of the national economy, exhibits complex temporal evolution and regional heterogeneity, posing challenges for accurate forecasting. To address these challenges, this study employs advanced data-preprocessing techniques, accumulating generation operators (AGO) in grey prediction models, to tackle the nonlinear, volatile, and heterogeneous gross ocean product

The ocean, serving as the cradle of life on Earth and the regulator of global climate, constitutes an invaluable resource repository for human survival and development. The preservation of ocean health is pivotal for the sustainable progression of human society. This study chose Dalian in China to assess the marine health using the Ocean Health Index (OHI) at the city-level by selecting appropriate

This paper examines China’s evolving engagement with Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) in addressing illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. As the world’s largest fishing nation, China’s cooperation is crucial to achieving global fisheries sustainability. Through an analysis of legal instruments and case studies across eight RFMOs in which China participates, the study

Aquatic ecosystems and associated biogeochemical cycles are dynamic and driven by spatiotemporally diverse processes, including increasing impacts from more extreme weather and climate-related stressors. Ocean color datasets collected by airborne and satellite sensors provide platforms capable of observing distinct ecosystem features at requisite spatial and temporal scales; however, many of the tools

Continuing global warming intensifies the thermal stress suffered by fish, urgently necessitating effective mitigating techniques. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms by which astaxanthin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory damage induced by thermal stress. Under thermal stress, an increase in oxidative stress was observed in the myocytes of Micropterus salmoides, however, intervention

Bilateralism in ocean governance is a novel concept that can be developed under the existing International Environmental Law (IEL) and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This research paper suggested that bilateralism in ocean governance is one of the Agenda of Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14). This research paper utilized the methodology of a Comprehensive Review of

The biomass of mesopelagic fishes is estimated to be on the order of or to exceed that of fishes in the epipelagic. Despite their abundance and importance as an ecological link between surface and deep ocean habitats, there is a dearth of basic life history data for mesopelagic fishes. Reproductive biology data are critical for understanding population dynamics and estimating production of a species

IntroductionDespite China’s devotion to marine biodiversity by conserving 12.98% of its seas, recent years saw the more flattened growth of marine protected area (MPA) establishment. Understanding the establishment mechanisms of MPAs is crucial for protecting marine wildlife and achieving balanced conservation and development. However, traditional linear or generalized linear models are insufficient

Shortfin mako sharks (Isurus oxyrinchus) are apex predators in marine ecosystems, yet the North Atlantic stock has declined drastically. Despite their imperiled status, limited research has focused on the movement and habitat use of mature individuals in the Gulf of Mexico (also known as Gulf of America; hereafter Gulf), a region hypothesized to serve as gestation and parturition grounds. From 2016

The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) over the last 200 years has largely been mitigated by the ocean’s function as a carbon sink. However, this continuous absorption of CO2 by seawater triggers ocean acidification (OA), a process in which water becomes more acidic and more depleted in carbonate ions that are essential for calcifiers. OA is well-studied in open ocean environments; however

The pleustonic, open-ocean dweller Physalia physalis can reach European Atlantic coasts when the combination of wind and currents drags the colonies from their typical habitats in the open ocean towards these shores. Usually, this passive advection happens during the winter months, when low-pressure atmospheric systems typically move from west to east accompanied by strong westerly winds. This is particularly

With the increasing demand for mineral resources and the continuous depletion of terrestrial mineral deposits, deep-sea mining has garnered significant attention from governments, industries, and research institutions. However, the current deep-sea mining technologies remain incompletely developed, and their environmental impacts cannot be overlooked. This review presents a brief introduction to the

The polyp-canal system is vital for the growth, budding, and mineralization of scleractinian corals. Seriatopora hystrix displays a unique structural trait, with its calices and canals making up only about 15% of the colony volume, lower than the 40-50% observed in other widely distributed genera such as Acropora, Montipora, Pocillopora, or Stylophora. We used micro-computed tomography to visualize

As an important germplasm resource of fish, the cryopreservation of testis and ovary is of great significance to protect endangered species and increase genetic diversity. However, current methods of slow cooling and vitrification in gonad preservation require a specialized cooling equipment or a higher concentration of cryoprotectants to maintain cell viability. The short barbeled velvetchin (Hapalogenys

IntroductionCoastal zones are economically vital regions, supporting dense populations, intensive trade, and strategic infrastructure. However, their development is increasingly threatened by environmental degradation, spatial resource conflicts, and policy fragmentation. These challenges call for analytical frameworks that can jointly capture the spatial, economic, and ecological dynamics governing