Forests in permafrost regions are particularly sensitive to hydroclimatic changes. To investigate tree responses to climatic and hydrological changes in hemi-boreal forests of Northeast China, we collected 405 tree-ring cores from key conifer species, including Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen) and Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.), across nine sampling sites in the

Sub-canopy windspeed is a critical input variable in fire simulation modelling, having a strong effect on the predicted rate of spread (ROS). In vegetated landscapes, windspeed reduction occurs due to the structural properties of vegetation, with the canopy height and forest density being key structural attributes driving this effect. Wind reduction factors (WRFs) are used to represent this phenomenon

Vegetation phenology serves as a crucial impact on terrestrial ecosystem, yet its long-term effects on hydrological process, especially seasonal transpiration changes, remain understudied compared to the extensive vegetation-carbon coupling. Here, leveraging long-term solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and satellite-retrieved vegetation transpiration (TR) datasets, we assessed the response

Fire plays a critical role in shaping the Amazon’s ecosystem and carbon dynamics, yet the relative contributions of climatic and land-use drivers remain debated. Here, we used 0.5° by 0.5° aggregated satellite-based active fire (AF) data (2002–2020) combined with land-cover change and climate reanalysis datasets to (1) quantify spatiotemporal change of fire patterns, (2) evaluate the interrelationships

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the second largest hydrological flux over the land surface and connects water, energy, and carbon cycles. However, large uncertainties exist among current ET products due to their coarse spatial resolutions, short temporal coverages, and reliance on assumptions. This study introduces a multimodal machine learning framework to generate a high-resolution (0.1°, daily), long-term

Water use efficiency (WUE) represents a crucial parameter and a major source of error influencing the accuracy of evapotranspiration separation through flux variance similarity (FVS). However, there is a paucity of studies investigating the application of FVS for the separation of evapotranspiration across multiple plantations, thereby constraining our understanding of water use strategies in plantation

Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health, particularly in rapidly urbanizing developing countries like Vietnam. This study assessed air quality in 55 locations across Dong Nai province using periodic intermittent monitoring during the dry and rainy seasons of 2022–2023. Key air quality parameters, including total suspended particulate matter (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide

Two-year monitoring of indoor and outdoor PM10 was carried out at 15 residential sites in the urban area of Rome, Italy (May 2019–April 2021) through 12 continuous two-month samplings. PM10 source apportionment identified nine emission sources: cigarette smoke, biomass burning, vehicular traffic, road dust, soil dust, heavy oil combustion, ammonium nitrate, and sulphate. The major contributions to

Afforestation has been regarded as a potentially effective strategy for the mitigation of climate warming. China has the largest planted forest area worldwide benefited by a series of large-scale afforestation and reforestation project since the 1970s. The planted forests (PF) have been widely reported as an enduring carbon sink. However, the climatic regulation effect of PF on climate through biophysical

Urban morphology simultaneously influences outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) and building energy consumption (BEC). However, the quantitative impact of urban morphology parameters on OTC and BEC, especially taking into account demand differences across seasons, has not been systematically revealed. This study investigated the OTC and BEC of 25 representative residential cases on typical winter and summer

The urban heat island effect (UHI) exaggerates heat extremes, whereas the concurrent urban dry island effect (UDI) may mitigate heatwave risks. It remains unclear whether urbanization increases or decreases the risk of heatwaves at a large scale. Using daily meteorological observations provided by China Meteorological Data Service Center and urban-minus-rural method, this study analyzes the evolutionary

Current research lacks fine-scale assessments of urban XCO2 dynamics and carbon source/sink identification from spatiotemporal perspectives. Thus, a 1 km-resolution XCO2 dataset (XCO2_Cat) for mainland China from 2000 to 2020 was reconstructed using CatBoost model and multi-source data, incorporating spatial and temporal factors. It enabled an in-depth analysis of XCO2 and XCO2_ano, offering insights

Frequent extreme heat events pose a significant public health threat, particularly to the elderly. Urban parks have long been recognized for their role in mitigating heat impacts, underscoring the need for accurate evaluation of their cooling services. This study aims to enhance urban climate equity for the elderly by: 1) modifying a multiple accessibility framework with remote sensing data to quantify

Rapid urbanization has increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, exacerbating ecological issues and prompting global shift towards low-carbon development. However, current studies at the county-level face challenges such as incomplete monitoring systems and insufficient statistical granularity, which restrict the detailed analysis of carbon emission spatial distribution and driving mechanisms. To address

The escalation of urbanisation contributes significantly to urban heat in both affluent and impoverished neighbourhoods. Community thermal vulnerability is often characterised by socio-demographic composition, with little consideration as places where people are unequally exposed to greenspace and how they associate with cooling disparities. Combining land surface temperature, this Antananarivo case

Satellite images of land surface temperatures (LST) are commonly used to identify areas within cities most prone to diurnal thermal discomfort, but they may not reflect the experiences of pedestrians. Here, we developed predictive statistical models for Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), an indicator of thermal discomfort, with easily accessible spatial predictors. For this, we measured PET

Leaf stomatal conductance and transpiration rates have been commonly presumed to decline under elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2) via partial stomatal closure. While this has great implications for the terrestrial carbon and hydrological balances, eCO2 effects on stomatal conductance and transpiration at the ecosystem scale are highly debatable. Here, we used global ecosystem-level measurements from

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect presents significant challenges to urban environments, leading to increased energy consumption, deteriorating air quality, and elevated health risks. This study provides a pioneering sensitivity analysis of the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) model—the first of its kind to comprehensively assess the impact of both irregular and traditional urban forms in a semi-arid

We studied the effects of tree species and tree density on the capacity of a forest to buffer understory temperatures during the summer period. We dissociated tree-species and light effects by integrating incident solar irradiance and its proportion intercepted by the canopy into our analyses. We measured solar radiation and air temperature over three consecutive years (2018, 2019 and 2020) in 16 plots

Wildfires, exacerbated by climate change, emit pollutants like PM2.5 that harm human health. This study investigates PM2.5 pollution in Chicago from 2019 to 2023, focusing on the impact of smoke originating from wildfires across North America. Despite the absence of local wildfires, transported smoke causes significant deterioration of air quality and poses health risks. Our analysis, leveraging data

Urban and industrial expansion raises the land surface temperature (LST), posing challenges that require understanding for sustainable city planning. This study assesses variables influencing LST at Sharjah University City, UAE, a semi-arid area experiencing the reverse Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This study assess key factors like land use land cover (LULC), spectral indices, wind speed, and topography

Satellite Precipitation Products (SPPs) provide near real-time precipitation estimates on a global scale at finer spatial resolutions, facilitating data over remote and inaccessible regions. Despite the efficiency in data acquisition, the potential application of SPPs to weather monitoring, environmental surveillance, and disaster response is still challenging due to systematic and random errors. This

This study investigates the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) heat budget over the urban and rural areas in Beijing during a heat wave (HW) event in Jun 2020, using potential temperature tendency outputs from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Validations against observational and reanalysis data show that the WRF model effectively captured the HW event and the urban heat island (UHI)

The study aimed to assess the impact of blocking situations (BS) on maximum air temperature (Tmax) and the daily sum of solar radiation (DSSR) in Poland during the summer months (June–August) from 1971 to 2023. The results indicate an increasing trend in the frequency of BS days, particularly in southern Poland, with statistically significant upward tendencies. However, multi-decadal variability is

Using time-resolved spectra of five return strokes for three tall-object lightning events obtained from the Tall-Object Lightning Observatory in Guangzhou (TOLOG), with especially one frame of the spectrum was captured before the current was fully transmitted to the top of the channel, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the total intensities of ionic and neutral atomic lines in the

Snow plays a critical role in global climatic, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes. As a result, snow droughts have gained considerable attention in recent research in the context of global climate change. However, there are few studies on the long-term variations in global snow droughts. Therefore, we analyzed the trend of global snow droughts from 1951 to 2021 using the Snow Water Equivalent

Simultaneous measurements of PM10 and more than 80 chemical components have been carried out indoors and outdoors at 15 residential sites in the urban area of Rome, Italy, for a study period of 2 years from May 2019 to April 2021 (12 samplings of the duration of 2 months each).

Meteorological variables and air pollution have raised the risk of associated mortality or morbidity of diseases, particularly respiratory diseases. In this study, prediction models were constructed employing three machine learning algorithms: generalized additive model (GAM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forest (RF) based on daily meteorological and air quality data, as well as visits

Evergreen trees are widely used as landscape elements in residential developments within cold regions. However, limited research has been conducted on the effects of evergreen trees on winter microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort (OTC). This study investigates the impact of different planting patterns of evergreen trees, including regular row planting, lump concentration planting and natural group

Research on the synergistic effects of compound temperature-humidity extremes on urban heat island (UHI) and urban moisture island (UMI), particularly in humid subtropical climates, remains limited. This study investigates these synergistic effects in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, two neighboring cities in China's Great-Bay-Area that undergone distinct urbanization processes. Based on the 90th percentiles

Accurate characterization of the spatiotemporal relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is crucial for understanding the interplay between vegetation photosynthesis and canopy structure. However, knowledge of their lag response at seasonal timescales is still currently little known. Here, this study implemented two experiments, i.e., the overall and

Accurately quantifying surface energy budgets in croplands is essential for efficient water resource allocation and sustainable agricultural practices. However, the representativeness of eddy covariance (EC) measurements in hilly agricultural fields remains less examined. In this study, we conducted an experiment employing three EC flux towers to assess the consistency of surface energy budget components

The Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) is one of essential atmospheric parameters, its prediction accuracy and completeness are significant for meteorological researches and climate applications. The nonlinearity and instability of PWV time series are not considered in the most PWV prediction models. In the paper, a new PWV prediction model was proposed combining the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)

Using a methodology for the estimation of coarse particle exchanges via Doppler lidar, based on the eddy covariance technique, profiles of vertical transport velocities were derived and analyzed. The methodology was tested across diverse atmospheric conditions in two different Mediterranean dryland landscapes in Southeastern Spain, namely Guadiana-UGR (extensive, inland olive grove), and Aguamarga

The eruption of the underwater volcano Hunga Tonga – Hunga Ha'apai (20.54° S, 178.3° W) on January 15, 2022, resulted in the first significant increase in the stratospheric water vapor content in the entire satellite observation era. This affects the radiation balance of the atmosphere, as well as its composition, including the ozone layer. In particular, in the winter stratospheric polar vortex, an

Clarifying the spatial connections of the co-benefits of reducing pollutants and carbon emissions (RPCE) is important for promoting collaborative urban governance and achieving sustainable development. This study examines the overall and individual evolutionary characteristics of spatial connection network (SCN) of the co-benefits of RPCE in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban cluster in China from

Rapid urban expansion intensifies land use/land cover (LULC) changes, contributing to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and decline in urban ecosystem services. This requires targeted ecological conservation strategies and integrated policies that balance urban development with ecological protection to address. The objective of this systematic review is to critically analyze the potential of nature-based

The effect of plant diversity on litter decomposition is strongly time-dependent, with consequences for ecosystem carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. However, the relative importance of multiple drivers of litter mixture on decomposition at different stages remains elusive. We conducted a long-term litterbags experiment by randomly removing a single functional type from the litter mixtures of six functional

Woodlands in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau exhibit the world's most typical vertical forest distribution and, as other high-elevation systems in the region, are threatened by climate change and human disturbance. Despite their importance for ecological conservation, few studies have explored the long-term trajectories of these Plateau forests, their main drivers and threats. To address this gap, we analyzed