We show that collisions between particles free falling from infinity and a disk of material plunging off the retrograde innermost stable circular orbit of a near-extremal Kerr black hole is the unique astronomically natural way in which to create a gravitational particle accelerator with center of mass energies at the tens to hundreds of teraelectronvolt range; in other words, a supercollider. Published

When a column of water drains from a vertical tube, it often leaves behind a trailing film that forms intricate, axisymmetric liquid structures. Using high-speed imaging and first-principles modeling, we investigate the formation and breakup of these fluted films and demonstrate that their diverse morphologies arise from the evolving balance of inertia, surface tension, gravity, and viscous forces

We address the challenge of incorporating non-Markovian electronic friction effects in quantum-mechanical approximations of dynamical observables. A generalized Langevin equation is formulated for ring-polymer molecular dynamics rate calculations, which combines electronic friction with a description of nuclear quantum effects for adsorbates on metal surfaces. An efficient propagation algorithm is

We construct the first binary black hole solutions of Einstein-Maxwell theory in asymptotically anti–de Sitter space. The attractive force between the two black holes is balanced by the addition of a background electric field, sourced at the conformal boundary. There is a continuous family of bulk solutions for a given boundary profile and temperature, suggesting there is continuous nonuniqueness.

We propose a numerical method to estimate one-point functions and the free-energy density of conformal field theories at finite temperature by solving the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition for the two-point functions of identical scalars. We apply the method for the critical O(N) model for N=1, 2, 3 in 3≤d≤4. We find agreement with known results from Monte Carlo simulations and previous results for the

Collective oscillations in dense neutrino gases (flavor waves) are notable for their instabilities that cause fast flavor conversion. We develop a quantum theory of interacting neutrinos and flavor wave quanta, which are analogous to plasmons but also carry flavor. The emission or absorption of such flavor plasmons ψ, or “flavomons,” changes the neutrino flavor. When an angular crossing occurs, the

As analogues of compact objects, solitons have attracted significant attention. We reveal that cylindrical Q strings exhibit a dynamical instability to perturbations with wavelengths exceeding a threshold λ>λc. This instability can destroy the invariance in the cylindrical direction, as a generation mechanism for Q balls, similar to the formation of droplets. As the interface of Q strings approaches

We performed the longest numerical-relativity neutrino-radiation magnetohydrodynamics simulation for a binary neutron star merger that extends to ≈1.5s after the merger. We consider the binary model that undergoes the prompt collapse to a black hole after the merger with asymmetric mass 1.25M⊙ and 1.65M⊙ and SFHo equation of state. We find the Poynting flux-driven collimated outflow as well as the

To explain the baryon asymmetry in the early universe via leptogenesis, quantum corrections to new particles are commonly invoked to generate the necessary CP asymmetry. We demonstrate, however, that a large CP asymmetry can already arise from standard model leptons. The mechanism relies on resummation of soft leptons at finite temperatures. The CP asymmetry, which is kinematically forbidden in vacuum

Ultralight dark photons are compelling dark matter candidates, but their allowed kinetic mixing with the standard model photon is severely constrained by requiring that the dark photons do not collapse into a cosmic string network in the early Universe. Direct detection in minimal production scenarios for dark photon dark matter is strongly limited, if not entirely excluded; discovery of sub-meV dark

We singled out the surface and bulk spin dynamics in magnetic hollow nanoparticles by means of nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry. Experimental H1−NMR-dispersion curves (NMR-D), measured across a wide frequency range (104 Hz

It is still an open question if magnetoelectric coupling occurs at the atomic scale in multiferroic BiFeO3. Nuclear solid-state techniques monitor local fields at the atomic scale. Using such an approach, we show that, contrary to our own expectation, ferroelectric and magnetic ordering in bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3 or BFO) decouple at the unit-cell level. Time differential perturbed angular correlation

We present a full Batalin-Vilkovisky action in the component field formalism for N=1 supergravity in ten dimensions coupled to Yang-Mills multiplets. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

A major limitation of laser interferometers using continuous wave lasers are parasitic light fields, such as ghost beams, scattered or stray light, that can cause nonlinear noise. This is especially relevant for laser interferometric ground-based gravitational wave detectors. Increasing their sensitivity, particularly at frequencies below 10 Hz, is threatened by the influence of parasitic photons.

The stretching response of polymer chains fundamentally determines the mechanical properties of polymer networks. In this Letter, we develop a statistical mechanics model that incorporates both bond stretching and bond angle deformation, enabling accurate predictions of chain behavior up to large forces. We further propose a semianalytical deformable freely rotating chain (dFRC) model, which represents

We report a proof-of-principle experiment for a new method of temperature measurements in waveguide quantum electrodynamics experiments, allowing one to measure separately the temperature of global and local baths. The method takes advantage of collective states of two transmons located in the center of a waveguide. The Hilbert space of such a system forms two separate subspaces (bright and dark) that

Ever since the advent of quantum mechanics, tunneling has been an intriguing topic and consequently extensively studied and utilized. Investigating both theoretically and experimentally the nonadiabatic tunneling in strong-field ionization across a wide range of laser intensities, we unravel under-the-barrier-recollision dynamics leading to Freeman resonances (FR). The under-the-barrier-recollision

The recent breakthroughs regarding the detection of compact binary mergers via gravitational waves opened up a new window to the Universe. Gravitational-wave models have been essential to this success since they are necessary to infer the properties of the compact binary system from the observational data. Next-generation detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope, will allow for more observations of

Polarons are crucial for charge transport in semiconductors, significantly impacting material properties and device performance. The dynamics of small polarons can be investigated using first-principles molecular dynamics. However, the limited timescale of these simulations presents a challenge for adequately sampling infrequent polaron hopping events. Here, we introduce a message-passing neural network

We report an extensive high-field study of atacamite Cu2Cl(OH)3, a material realization of quantum sawtooth chains with weak interchain couplings, in continuous and pulsed magnetic fields up to 58 T. In particular, we have mapped the entropy landscape for fields as high as 35 T and have identified a field-induced quantum critical point at 21.9(1) T for H∥c axis. The quantum critical point separates

The type IIB matrix model is conjectured to describe superstring theory nonperturbatively in terms of ten N×N bosonic traceless Hermitian matrices Aμ (μ=0,…,9), whose eigenvalues correspond to (9+1)-dimensional space-time. Quite often, this model has been investigated in its Euclidean version, which is well defined although the SO(9,1) Lorentz symmetry of the original model is replaced by the SO(10)

The equation of state of quantum chromodynamics with Nf=3 flavors is determined nonperturbatively in the range of temperatures between 3 and 165 GeV with a precision of about 0.5%–1.0%. The calculation is carried out by numerical simulations of lattice gauge theory discretized Wilson with shifted boundary conditions in the compact direction. At each given temperature the entropy density is computed

We present a derivation and experimental implementation of a dimension-dependent contextuality inequality to certify both the quantumness and dimensionality of a given system. Existing methods for certification of the dimension of a quantum system can be cheated by using larger classical systems, creating a potential loophole in these benchmarks, or can in practice only be evaluated assuming pure quantum

We study the 1D Ising model with long-range interactions decaying as 1/r1+s. The critical model corresponds to a family of 1D conformal field theories whose data depend nontrivially on s in the range 1/2≤s≤1. The model is known to be described by a generalized free field with quartic interaction, which is weakly coupled near s=1/2 but strongly coupled near the short-range crossover at s=1. We propose

We study the directed transport of bosons along a one dimensional lattice in a dissipative setting, where the hopping is only facilitated by coupling to a Markovian reservoir. By combining numerical simulations with a field-theoretic analysis, we investigate the current fluctuations for this process and determine its asymptotic behavior. These findings demonstrate that dissipative bosonic transport

Bell nonlocality is a fundamental phenomenon of quantum physics as well as an essential resource for various tasks in quantum information processing. It is known that for the observation of nonlocality the measurements on a quantum system have to be incompatible, but the question of which incompatible measurements are useful, remained open. Here we prove that any set of incompatible measurements on

The exploitation of certification tools by end users represents a fundamental aspect of the development of quantum technologies as the hardware scales up beyond the regime of classical simulability. Certifying quantum networks becomes even more crucial when the privacy of their users is exposed to malicious quantum nodes or servers as in the case of multiclient distributed blind quantum computing,

We calculate the four-graviton scattering amplitude in Type II superstring theory at one loop up to seventh order in the low-energy expansion through the recently developed iterated integral formalism of Modular Graph Functions (MGFs). The machinery of the novel method allows us to propose a general form of the amplitude, which suggests that the expansion is expressible in terms of single-valued multiple

Identifying conservation laws is central to every subfield of physics, as they illuminate the underlying symmetries and fundamental principles. A prime example can be found in quantum optics: the conservation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) during spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) enables the generation of a photon pair with entangled OAM. In this Letter, we report on the observation

We propose a quantum measurement that probabilistically projects a pair of qudits of dimension d onto a Bell state in a two-qubit subspace. It can be implemented using linear-optical circuits with the success probabilities of 1−d−1 without ancilla photons and 1−d−(k+1) with 2(2k−1) ancilla photons. It allows us to entangle two independently prepared high-dimensional entangled states two dimensionally

A precise evaluation of the electroweak contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon requires control over all aspects of the standard model, ranging from Higgs physics, over multiloop computations for bosonic and (heavy-)fermion diagrams, to nonperturbative effects in the presence of light quarks. Currently, the dominant uncertainties arise from such hadronic effects in the vector–vector–axial-vector

While the spontaneous emission from independent emitters provides spatially uncorrelated photons—a typical manifestation of quantum randomness, the interference of the coherent scattering leads to a well-defined intensity pattern—a feature described by linear optics. We here demonstrate experimentally how the interplay between the two mechanisms in large systems of quantum emitters leads to spatial

Quantum thermodynamics studies how quantum systems and operations may be exploited as sources of work to perform useful thermodynamic tasks. In real-world conditions, the evolution of open quantum systems typically displays memory effects, resulting in a non-Markovian dynamics. The associated information backflow has been observed to provide advantage in certain thermodynamic tasks. However, a general

The effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the nonequilibrium stochastic dynamics of particles—arising from the conservation of momentum in the fluid medium—is examined in the context of the relationship between fluctuations, response functions, and the entropy production rate. The multiplicative nature of the hydrodynamic interactions is shown to introduce subtleties that preclude a straightforward

We report on tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of H2 and D2 molecules physisorbed within a plasmonic picocavity at 10 K. The intense Raman peaks resulting from the rotational and vibrational transitions are observed at subnanometer gap distances of the junction formed by an Ag tip and an Ag(111) surface, where a picocavity-enhanced field plays a crucial role. A significant redshift of the H-H stretch

Any quantum computation consists of a sequence of unitary evolutions described by a finite set of Hamiltonians. When this set is taken to consist of only products of Pauli operators, we show that the minimal such set generating su(2N) contains 2N+1 elements. We provide a number of examples of such generating sets and furthermore provide an algorithm for producing a sequence of rotations corresponding

We present calculations of various electroweak response functions for the O16 nucleus obtained using coupled-cluster theory in conjunction with the Lorentz integral transform method. We employ nuclear forces derived at next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order in chiral effective field theory and perform a Bayesian analysis to assess uncertainties. Our results are in good agreement with

The celebrated Ott-Antonsen for coupled oscillators provides a useful framework for working with deterministic systems in the thermodynamic limit, but it fails to capture many features of stochastic systems. Several solutions have been recently proposed to accurately describe the behavior of the order parameters in coupled oscillator systems. However, a fluctuating description of such order parameters

Massive scalar fields are promising candidates for addressing many unresolved problems in fundamental physics. We report the first model-agnostic Bayesian search of massive scalar fields that are nonminimally coupled to gravity in LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA gravitational-wave data. We find no evidence for such fields and place the most stringent upper limits on their coupling for scalar masses ≲2×10−12eV. We

We have measured the critical current density, superconducting coherence length, and superconducting transition temperature of single-domain, epitaxially grown Nb(110)/Au(111)/Nb(110) trilayers, all of which show a nonmonotonic dependence on the thickness of the Au layer. These results are compared with the predictions of a relativistic, theory, which incorporates superconducting correlations. We find

Through laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments, we synthesize a series of rubidium superhydrides and explore their properties with synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements, combined with density functional theory calculations. Upon heating rubidium monohydride embedded in H2 at a pressure of 18 GPa, we form RbH9−I, which is stable upon decompression down to 8.7

We investigated the infrared-active phonons in ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2 using optical spectroscopy. Below the Curie temperature (TC≈175 K), we observed asymmetric Fano line shapes of phonons peaks in the optical conductivities, reflecting the presence of electron-phonon coupling. Additionally, the detected phonon signals by the polar Kerr rotation and the ellipticity spectroscopy indicate

Altermagnets are magnetic materials with antiferromagnetic spin ordering but exhibit ferromagnetic properties. Understanding the microscopic origin of the latter is a central problem. Ferromagnetlike properties such as the anomalous Hall effect are linked with weak ferromagnetism, whose microscopic origin in altermagnets remains unclear however. We show theoretically that the alternating g-tensor anisotropy

We present the high-precision result for the zero-jettiness soft function at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in perturbative QCD. At this perturbative order, the soft function is the last missing ingredient required for the computation of a hadronic color singlet production or a color singlet decay into two jets using the zero-jettiness variable as the slicing parameter. Furthermore, the

We demonstrate that periodically driven Fermions coupled to simple bosonic baths have steady state occupations of Floquet Bloch bands that generically display nonanalyticities at certain momenta that resemble the Fermi surfaces of equilibrium non-Fermi liquids. Remarkably these nonequilibrium Fermi surfaces remain sharp even when the bath is at finite temperature, leading to critical power-law decaying

Two universal predictions of general relativity are the propagation of gravitational waves of large momentum along null geodesics and the isospectrality of quasinormal modes in many families of black holes. In extensions of general relativity, these properties are typically lost: quasinormal modes are no longer isospectral and gravitational wave propagation is no longer geodesic and it exhibits bi

We present an explicit construction of a relativistic quantum computing architecture using a variational quantum circuit approach that is shown to allow for universal quantum computing. The variational quantum circuit consists of tunable single-qubit rotations and entangling gates that are implemented successively. The single-qubit rotations are parameterized by the proper time intervals of the qubits’

We present a novel candidate for cold dark matter consisting of condensed Cooper pairs in a theory of interacting fermions with broken chiral symmetry. Establishing the thermal history from the early radiation era to the present, the fermions are shown to behave like standard radiation at high temperatures, but then experience a critical era decaying faster than radiation, akin to freeze-out, which

A beyond electric-dipole light-matter theory is needed to describe emerging x-ray and THz applications for characterization and control of quantum materials but inaccessible as nondipole lattice-aperiodic terms impede on the use of Bloch’s theorem. To circumvent this, we derive a formalism that captures dominant nondipole effects in intense electromagnetic fields while conserving lattice translational

We propose a universal framework for classifying quantum states based on their scale-resolved correlation structure. Using the recently introduced information lattice, which provides an operational definition of the total amount of correlations at each scale, we define intrinsic characteristic length scales of quantum states. We analyze ground and midspectrum eigenstates of the disordered interacting

We introduce (Cosmology with Optimally factorized Bases for Rapid Approximation), a novel framework for rapid computation of large-scale structure observables. separates scale dependence from cosmological parameters in the linear matter power spectrum while also minimizing the number of necessary basis terms Nb, thus enabling direct and efficient computation of derived and nonlinear observables. Moreover

We construct a (1+1)d gapless theory which has Haagerup H3 symmetry. The construction relies on the recent exploration of the categorical Landau paradigm applied to fusion category symmetries. First, using the symmetry topological field theory, we construct all gapped phases with Haagerup symmetry. Extending this construction to gapless phases, we study the second order phase transition between gapped

Models of scalar field dark matter where the scalar is a dilaton have a special behavior, since nontrivial couplings, d, to matter result in a contribution to the potential for the field that is proportional to the trace of the stress-energy tensor. We look in more detail at the dilaton mass, mϕ, and initial conditions required to yield the correct relic abundance for couplings that are not already

We propose an entropy function for AdS4 BPS black holes in M theory with general magnetic charges, resolving in particular a long-standing puzzle about baryonic charges. The entropy function is constructed from a gravitational block defined solely in terms of topological data of the internal manifold. We show that the entropy of twisted black holes can always be reformulated as an I-extremization problem—even

An intercombination transition in Yb enables a novel approach for rapidly imaging magnetic field variations with excellent spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy. This quantum imaging magnetometer reveals “dark stripes” that are contours of constant magnetic field visible by eye or capturable by standard cameras. These dark lines result from a combination of Autler-Townes splitting and the spatial

The diversity of diffusive systems exhibiting long-range correlations characterized by a stochastically varying Hurst exponent calls for a generic multifractional model. We present a simple, analytically tractable model which fills the gap between mathematical formulations of multifractional Brownian motion and empirical studies. In our model, called telegraphic multifractional Brownian motion, the

Long baseline diffraction-limited optical aperture synthesis technology by interferometry plays an important role in scientific study and practical application. In contrast to amplitude (phase) interferometry, intensity interferometry-which exploits the second-order coherence of thermal light-is robust against atmospheric turbulence and optical defects. However, a thermal light source typically has

The first test of lepton flavor universality between muons and electrons using B^{+}→K^{+}π^{+}π^{-}ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} (ℓ=e, μ) decays is presented. The measurement is performed with data from proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. The ratio of branching fractions between B^{+}→K^{+}

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.135701.

Using (2712.4±14.3)×10^{6}  ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the decay η_{c}→γγ in J/ψ→γη_{c} is observed. We determine the product branching fraction B(J/ψ→γη_{c})×B(η_{c}→γγ)=(5.23±0.26_{stat}±0.30_{syst})×10^{-6}. This result is consistent with the lattice QCD calculation (5.34±0.16)×10^{-6} from HPQCD in 2023. By using the world-average values of B(J/ψ→γη_{c})