BACKGROUND Age-associated decline in swallowing and tongue function is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and frailty. However, evidence regarding effectiveness of tongue resistance exercises in frail older adults with MCI is limited with methodological variations and lack of follow-up. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of a tongue resistance training program (TRTP) in improving

The global increase in aging populations has heightened the urgency to develop effective interventions for age-related cognitive decline. Skeletal muscle has recently emerged as a potential modulator of brain health, particularly in the context of aging. This study investigates the effects of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on cognitive function and neuropathology in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse

Olfactory deficits are hypothesized to precede cognitive decline and be independently associated with future dementia. Conversely, the concurrency of cognitive and olfactory impairments is expected to represent an advanced stage, associated with shorter time to diagnosis. Limited research has examined the association of isolated and concurrent cognitive and olfactory impairments with incident dementia

Geroprotectors are compounds that target the underlying mechanisms of ageing to delay the onset of age-related diseases and extend both lifespan and health span. As ageing is driven by the accumulation of cellular damage, DNA instability, epigenetic changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation, the concept of geroprotection focuses on compounds that can mitigate these processes. Oleuropein

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is rapidly increasing and is caused by excessive fat deposition in the liver due to non-alcoholic factors. Aging is a major risk factor for the development and progression of MASLD. In this study, we investigated the metabolic effects of tilorone, a synthetic small molecule, in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model, with

The cognitive and neuroimaging evolution over the course of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from prodromal stage — Pro-DLB (subjective (SCI) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)) — is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze from 5-year longitudinal data the trajectories of Pro-DLB patients. The “Lewy- MEMENTO” prospective clinical cohort recruited 773 patients for either SCI or MCI. The

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a prevalent condition among older adults and is regarded as a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia. Although multiple studies have investigated pure-tone thresholds as a measure for ARHL and its relationship to dementia, the potential role of the central auditory system has received little attention. To address this gap in the literature, this study investigates

Free water fraction (FWF), derived from diffusion MRI, is a sensitive biomarker of white matter microstructure and may be modifiable through lifestyle interventions. The mid-anterior corpus callosum (CC) has been proposed as particularly responsive to physical exercise and the related increases in cardiorespiratory fitness. This study examined the effects of aerobic exercise training and fitness on

The aim of this study is to explore the differences in cortical activation and gait performance during turning walking under cognitive dual-task conditions between young and older adults during cognitive-turning dual task walking, as well as variations in brain functional connectivity in this context. Seventeen young adults and seventeen older adults were included in the study. All participants completed

Sensory impairments are common with aging, but studies examining the relationships of these impairments with DNA methylation–based biomarkers of aging, strong predictors of morbidity and mortality, remain sparse. We investigated whether subjective measures of sensory impairment are associated with epigenetic age biomarkers. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in a representative sample of 2344

Truncating mutation in motopsin (neurotrypsin/PRSS12) gene causes an autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability. Since motopsin cleaves agrin, motopsin deficiency causes accumulation of long form agrin. Agrin binds amyloid β (Aβ) and accelerates Aβ fibril formation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Down’s syndrome (DS) exhibits AD-like neuropathological changes. Agrin also contributes to

Aging is a complex biological process that detrimentally affects the brain and cerebrovascular system, contributing to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases like vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While cell-autonomous mechanisms that occur within cells, independent of external signals from neighboring cells or systemic factors, account for some aspects

Functional ability and intrinsic capacity (IC) have been proposed as determinants of healthy aging, but the extent to which these indicators are affected by biological aging remains unknown. We explored the association of biological age acceleration (BAA) with functional ability and IC in older adults with physical and cognitive impairments. This cross-sectional study used data from 163 individuals

Maintaining physiological blood pressure is a critical goal in the prevention of cardiovascular events, whereas tissue perfusion depends on the balance between systemic blood pressure and tissue microvascular resistance. The nailfold capillary is considered a window for directly assessing microvascular flow in the body. In this study, nailfold video capillaroscopy was used to determine the acute effects

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide expressed in the nervous system and also in various peripheral tissues, including the musculoskeletal system. PACAP has an important function in the regulation of chondrogenesis and plays a protective role in cartilage oxidative and mechanical stress. PACAP knockout (KO) mice show early signs of aging and osteoarthritis in

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, with its progression influenced by aberrant gene expression and alterations in the brain network topology. Although APOE has been extensively studied in relation to AD, the role of APOC1 remains relatively underexplored. This study investigated the impact of APOC1 on changes in cortical thickness (CTh) during conversion to AD in a

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has a high incidence and a significant impact on quality of life, especially in older adults. Healthy diets potentially improve patient outcomes, but the most beneficial dietary pattern remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different dietary patterns in improving outcomes for geriatric patients with ASCVD. This study used

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to chronic cognitive decline, imposing a significant societal burden. The regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is critical for cognitive function, and acute disruptions in CBF regulation predict poor TBI outcomes. However, the long-term effects of TBI on CBF regulation and their association with cognitive function remain poorly understood. This study aimed

Appetite loss is a common clinical condition in older adulthood, but how this condition associates with biological aging remains unknown. The present study aims to examine the associations of biological aging markers with appetite loss in community-dwelling people aged 21 to 102 years. This retrospective case–control study used baseline data from the INSPIRE-T cohort in Toulouse, France. Each of the

Word-finding difficulty is a common challenge in older age and is linked to various neuropathological conditions associated with ageing. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown promise as a cognitive enhancement tool for both healthy aging and age- related cognitive disorders. However, its effectiveness in enhancing word-finding ability remains inconsistent, especially among healthy

Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hematoma expansion in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remain poorly understood, and most data are derived from postmortem studies or serial neuroimaging studies performed over hours to days from onset. Our unique case report of a hypertensive ICH serendipitously captured by serial CT provides valuable in vivo data from the very onset of hematoma formation

The long-term postoperative occlusion of venous or arterial grafts following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is a constant and unresolved problem, with a negative impact on clinical outcome. In our study, we aimed to find predictors that influence graft patency. The data of 202 patients who underwent CABG and had control coronary angiography on an average of 8.55 ± 4.56 years were analyzed

Okadaic acid (OKA) is a marine biotoxin that accumulates in shellfish and is responsible for causing diarrheic shellfish poisoning. OKA is a powerful and selective inhibitor of serine/threonine phosphatases 1 and 2A, which induces hyperphosphorylation of tau in vitro and in vivo leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology and memory impairment. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a cardiovascular disease prevalent in the aging population, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CAVD remain unclear. We initially conducted an RNA sequencing analysis of aortic valve leaflets from rats of different ages to identify key genes involved in valvular aging and calcification. Bioinformatics

Resistance exercise (RE) enhances functionality in older adults and has proven effective as a means of cross-education in scenarios of unilateral disuse. However, the extent to which older adults demonstrate cross-limb transfer at the motor unit (MU) level following a single bout of unilateral RE is unclear. Thirteen healthy older adults (74.9 ± 4.8 years; 5 females) underwent bilateral neuromuscular

Since the discovery that ageing is a modifiable process in animal models, significant advancements in geroscience have led to the emergence of the field of Precision Geromedicine, which aims to optimise health and healthspan by targeting ageing-related processes. Ageing-related diseases (ARDs), accounting for 80% of Singapore’s disease burden in 2019, are on the rise as the nation approaches the “super-aged”

Abstract The kynurenine pathway (KP) might be involved in pathophysiological processes associated with dementia, but clinical studies reported contradictory results. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized the available evidence for (i) differences in KP metabolites in patients with cognitive impairment compared to cognitively healthy individuals and (ii) associations between KP metabolites

Gait and key-tapping are individually associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, it is unclear if these motor functions are correlated, or whether combining them improves classification of objective (dementia, MCI) and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). We recruited 73 participants with dementia, 106 MCI, 57 SCI, and 83 cognitively healthy controls (HC). Consensus diagnosis

Statins are frequently prescribed to older adults, yet their effects on ageing phenotypes such as frailty or physiological reserves remain poorly understood. Gait Speed Reserve (GSR), defined as the difference between maximal and usual gait speeds, serves as an indicator of physiological reserve, reflecting the body’s ability to perform beyond baseline functional levels. Polypharmacy, prevalent in

Timely initiation of treatment is a core principle of oncologic care, especially for aggressive cancers such as lung cancer. However, the real-world impact of short-term delays in treatment initiation on survival outcomes in lung cancer remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluates the association between treatment delays of 4, 8, and 12 weeks and all-cause mortality in lung cancer patients. A systematic

The protective role of dietary vitamin D intake on cognitive function is of interest, but evidence remains inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year cognitive changes in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. This longitudinal study comprised 5454 individuals (aged 55–75 years in men and 60–75 years in women) who exhibited overweight/obesity

Cellular senescence is a multifaceted process involving cell cycle arrest, telomere shortening, and the accumulation of DNA damage associated with aging and cellular stress. It is marked by persistent cell cycle arrest and DNA damage accumulation, and plays an increasingly recognized role in age-related diseases and cancer therapy. Olaparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, is approved

Identifying novel compounds with therapeutic potential is a main area of interest in biomedical research. Tetrahydroindenoindole (THII) has emerged as a compound of interest due to both its antioxidant properties and its action as a pharmacological activator of the enzyme cytochrome b5 reductase 3. However, there is a lack of comprehensive synthesis of findings, particularly concerning the effects

Depression is a prevalent but often underrecognized comorbidity among cancer patients. Emerging evidence suggests that psychological distress may adversely impact cancer outcomes, but the magnitude of its effect on survival remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluates the association between depression diagnosed after cancer diagnosis and cancer-specific and all-cause mortality across major cancer

Anthocyanins are dietary flavonoids shown to have a therapeutic capacity to mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress. The present secondary analyses from the “Anthocyanins in People at Risk for Dementia Study” were aimed at (I) determining the intervention’s effect on blood-based markers of cardiovascular disease and inflammation and (II) evaluating whether baseline factors such as age, sex, inflammation

Cardiac aging is associated with metabolic changes, including an increased reliance on glycolysis, and an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. This study explores the relationship between enhanced cardiac glycolysis and aging using the GlycoHi mouse model, characterized by constitutively elevated glycolysis. We compared cardiac function, metabolism, mitochondrial performance, and hallmarks

To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) trajectories, early and recent BMI changes, and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), addressing inconsistent findings in previous studies on weight change and aging. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2018 were used, selecting participants aged 50 years and older. A growth mixture model was employed

Aging is characterized by extensive variability in the onset of morbidity and mortality, even in genetically identical populations with carefully controlled environments. This points to the important role stochasticity plays in shaping the divergent aging process between individual organisms. Here, we survey how stochastic factors at the level of molecules, cells, tissues, and organisms manifest in

Longevity is influenced by various factors, including fatty acid composition and free radical stress, which relate to the membrane pacemaker and rate of living hypotheses. While these aspects are well-documented in some long-lived species, they remain largely unexplored in tree squirrels. This study aimed to compare oxidative stress, antioxidant activity, nitrosative stress, and lipid composition between

Aging is a universal biological process that impacts all tissues, leading to functional decline and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. While aging is characterized by hallmarks such as mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and dysregulated metabolism, the molecular mechanisms driving these processes remain incompletely understood, particularly

Higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with less deterioration in brain microstructural white matter (WM) integrity in older adults assessed with MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and brain WM hyperintensities (WMH) volume measured with fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery (FLAIR) imaging. This study investigated associations of CRF measured with peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) with

Biological age (BA), compared to chronological age, offers a more accurate reflection of aging status. In this prospective UK Biobank study, BA acceleration was measured using the Klemera-Doubal method BA (KDM-BA) and Phenotypic age (PhenoAge). Cox models estimated associations of BA acceleration with incident T2D (n = 271,885) and CAD (n = 270,054). Both additive and multiplicative interactions between

Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively

Poor sleep is associated with worse cognitive function in older adults. However, nuanced associations between sleep and cognition might be masked by the multidimensional nature of sleep which requires multiple approaches (e.g., self-report and actigraphy) to gain meaningful insight. We investigated associations of sleep with cognition and hypothesized that the most consistent association would be between

Multi-marker approaches are well suited for untangling the intrinsic complexity of aging and related conditions. Herein, we quantified (1) baseline concentrations of a panel of geroscience biomarkers pertaining to four biological domains (i.e., metabolism, inflammation, vascular/organ dysfunction and cellular senescence, and neurodegeneration) in individuals aged ≥60 years; (2) investigated linear

Brain metabolism is reduced in patients with dementia disorders, as demonstrated by hypometabolism on 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emissions tomography. A contributing factor to the hypometabolism could be decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) leading to a state of subtle hypoperfusion‐induced tissue hypoxia causing a reduced brain oxygen metabolism and consequently elevated brain

Better social, emotional, and financial functioning are associated with improved health outcomes in older adults. While the literature supports a positive relationship between physical activity and increased functional ability in older adulthood, the intensity of physical activity necessary to achieve these gains remains uncertain. To address this gap, the current analysis uses data collected as part

We examined associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and dementia risk, and differences in BMI and WC trajectories before dementia diagnosis. We included 9,739 participants (54% women) aged 70+ from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4 70+). BMI was measured four times (1984–2019) and WC three times (1995–2019). Dementia diagnoses were clinically assessed at HUNT4 70+ . Women

Little is known, how life-long hyperlipidaemia affects vascular ageing, before atherosclerosis. Here, we characterise effects of mild, life-long hyperlipidaemia on age-dependent endothelial dysfunction (ED) in humanised dyslipidaemia model of E3L.CETP mice. Vascular function was characterised using magnetic resonance imaging in vivo and wire myograph ex vivo. Plasma endothelial biomarkers and non-targeted

Glycation is a class of modifications arising from non-enzymatic reactions of reducing sugars with proteins, lipids, and/or DNA, generating advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are linked to many age-related comorbidities. In response to HIV-1 infection, activated T-cells and macrophages shift their predominate metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Increased glycolytic flux

Older women may experience elevated depression symptoms, which have been associated with morbidity and mortality. Yet, few studies have examined associations of depression symptoms with longevity. We examined associations among older women of depression symptoms with survival to ages 90, 95, and 100, and survival to age 90 with intact mobility and cognitive functioning. Participants were 70,560 women

Organismal aging has been associated with diverse metabolic and functional changes across tissues. Within the immune system, key features of physiological hematopoietic cell aging include increased fat deposition in the bone marrow, impaired hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) function, and a propensity towards myeloid differentiation. This shift in lineage bias can lead to pre-malignant

In this study, we investigated the contribution of rare coding variants to human longevity by analyzing whole exome sequencing data from 1245 German long-lived individuals (LLI) and 4105 geographically matched younger controls. We identified novel exome-wide significant associations at both the single-variant and gene level, with a significant over-representation of genes involved in mechanistic target

Identifying deficiencies in physical function in older adults is critical to evaluate important health outcomes like sarcopenia, but current protocols are expensive and require complex equipment. This study evaluates the reliability and validity of an inexpensive, simple new Get-Up test in older adults. It involves participants moving quickly from standing upright, to lying flat, then rising to a standing

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) deficits, cognitive decline, and brain structural changes have been reported in older adults with and without apolipoprotein E-e4 (APOE4)-related risk for dementia. However, it remains unclear whether brain structural changes mediate the effects of hypoperfusion on cognitive impairment in APOE4 carriers and non-carriers. We studied 166 (60–89 years) APOE4 carriers (ε3/ε4 or