The Ordovician-Silurian transition (OST; ∼448–443 Ma) was marked by the Hirnantian glaciation, rapid climatic shifts, and the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction (LOME). While redox changes and ice-sheet dynamics have been widely studied, the role of salinity-pH-redox feedbacks in modulating extinction mechanisms remains poorly constrained. Here, we present a high-resolution multi-proxy dataset (δ11B,

U-Pb-Lu-Hf-trace element analysis of detrital zircon from two metasedimentary rocks of the Armstrong assemblage in the northern Pikwitonei granulite domain of the NW Superior Province (Manitoba, Canada) are used to explore the Eo-Paleoarchean crustal formation history and zircon petrogenetic processes of the proto-Superior craton. The zircon age spectrum from each sample spans a billion-year period

Stable isotope compositions in pyrite are widely employed for tracing microbial sulfur and iron cycling through geological time. In hydrothermal sulfide systems, however, sulfur and iron pools can be affected by both microbial and abiotic processes, limiting the applicability of the respective stable isotopes as biosignatures. Moreover, the diagenetic and metamorphic stability of sulfur and iron isotope

Mercury (Hg) behaviour in sedimentary rocks is important to understand both in terms of its potential volatilization during magmatic intrusions (e.g., those associated with large igneous province activity) and its redistribution during thermal maturation associated with burial and, in some cases, hydrocarbon generation. Mercury behaviour varies significantly across different lithologies, likely influenced

Pyroxenites containing hydrous phases are increasingly recognised as contributing significant melt fractions to many primitive melts such as alkaline basalts, basanites, and lamproites. Although hydrous ultramafic rocks are minor components in the mantle, their low-temperature solidi compared to other mantle lithologies drives high melt productivity, making them significant contributors during fractional

Here we report the in situ ion-microprobe analyses of the Li- and O-isotope compositions of enstatite, FeO-rich pyroxene, olivine, glass, and cristobalite grains from six chondrule-related objects from the Sahara 97103 EH3 chondrite. The O-isotope composition of the enstatite grains scattered around the intersection between the terrestrial fractionation and primitive chondrule minerals lines. Whereas

Subduction zones act as pivotal engines for global element cycling. Titanium (Ti) isotopes, exhibiting mass-dependent fractionation, emerge as a robust geochemical tracer for deciphering complex processes in these dynamic settings. However, the behavior of Ti and its isotopes during metamorphic dehydration and partial melting of deeply subducted continental lithosphere remains poorly constrained. This

The genesis and compositional diversity of granites are primarily controlled by multiple processes, including partial melting and magma differentiation. However, discriminating the individual effects of processes such as partial melting, fractional crystallization, and fluid-magma interaction on the evolution of granitic magma remains challenging. Barium isotopes serve as a potentially powerful tracer

Microbial iron and manganese respiration processes have been observed in deep methanic sediments of lacustrine and marine environments, challenging the “classical” model of microbial respiration in aquatic systems. Nonetheless, assessments of the type and relative role of these respiration processes in the methanic zone are lacking. Here, we quantify both the thermodynamic and the kinetic controls

We present electron probe micro analyses (EPMA), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) mineral chemistry and B-isotope data for magmatic and hydrothermal Li-Fe micas of the granite-related Sn-W-Li Sadisdorf greisen system in the Erzgebirge, Germany. These mineral-specific data were combined with novel in-situ mica and whole-rock powder-pellet LA-ICP multi-collector

Sulfur isotopic values (δ34S) of pyrite and organic matter (OM) in sediments are widely used for the reconstruction of the sulfur and oxygen cycles as well as pathways of OM preservation. Currently, significant uncertainties persist regarding the mechanism by which sulfur is partitioned between pyrite and OM and its effect on the δ34S record of rocks. Here, we present experimental analysis of iron

The genesis of post-collisional porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) remains debated. The post-collisional magmas in the eastern Gangdese belt exhibit significant variability in copper enrichment. There is broad consensus that all these magmas originated from lower crustal partial melting, yet the mechanisms driving their Cu fertility are unclear. Quantifying the thermal state and residual mineral proportion

The Canadian Prairie Pothole Region is a notable hotspot for cyanobacteria-dominated lakes. This study found minor variations in cyanobacterial genera across these lakes yet observed significant differences in standing biomass, as the lakes ranged from oligotrophic to hypereutrophic classifications. A correlational analysis of nutrients, specifically total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) revealed

Nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation (NRFO) has emerged as a significant process in soil systems. However, few studies have examined the effects of coupled Fe and N cycling on cadmium (Cd) availability, especially in alternating flooding-drainage paddy soil. In this study, nitrate (NO₃−) was added to Cd-contaminated acidic paddy soil at different stages of flooding incubation. Results demonstrated that

Groundwater resources in mica mining areas of Jharkhand are vital for local communities, agriculture, and domestic utilization. The study investigates the major ion chemistry of groundwater in the mica mining regions, focusing on key physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and concentrations of major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) and anions

The evolution of granitic magmas represents a crucial process in the compositional differentiation of the continental crust. Stable Sr isotopic composition (δ88Sr), which may undergo significant fractionation during fractional crystallization, has been recognized as an effective geochemical tracer for investigating granitic magma evolution. However, the behavior of stable Sr isotopes during fluid-melt

Studies of shock metamorphic effects in apatite and merrillite in nine ordinary chondrites (OCs) of petrologic types 3.5–6 and shock metamorphic stages S1–S5 using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal a correlation between the extent of brittle deformation in phosphates and the shock metamorphic stage of six host meteorites. No correlation is observed in thermally annealed and partially melted

With intermediate compositions between hydrous fluids and silicate melts, supercritical fluids are ideal agents for mass transfer from the subducting slab into the mantle wedge with fluid-like viscosity and melt-like elemental carrying capacity. However, the structure and transport properties of supercritical fluid have not been well understood. In this study, we investigated the structure and transport

The trace element (TE) content of pyrite has been used as an archive of ocean and sediment pore fluid chemistry, depending on the respective formation conditions and potentially providing valuable insight into past atmospheric and oceanic conditions and sedimentary environments. The formation of authigenic pyrite is predominantly governed by organoclastic sulfate reduction (OSR) and sulfate-driven

The Salton Rhyolite Buttes, situated within the actively extending Salton Trough, offer a unique opportunity to investigate magma storage conditions in continental rift settings. We present new LA-MC-ICP-MS UTh ages, trace element geochemistry, and Ti-in-zircon thermometry for zircons from all five Salton domes to constrain the timing and nature of past eruptive episodes and magmatic rejuvenation events

Pyrite from hydrothermal deposits often exhibits oscillatory zoning, controlling the distribution of trace elements, like As and Au. The origin of this zonal pattern has long been debated between episodic fluid changes and local chemical disequilibrium. Our study of an epithermal Pb-Zn deposit reveals arsenic oscillatory zonation in monocrystalline pyrite grains. Guided by the results of examination

The redox capacities of soil DOM regulate the oxidation–reduction reactions by accepting or donating electrons, which influences a variety of critical redox processes such as greenhouse gas emissions and the (bio)geochemical cycle of contaminants. The composition and reactivity of DOM components vary with their molecular weight (MW), and, therefore, the redox capacities of soil DOM are expected to

The present study is focused on the distribution of unexplored critical and strategic element lithium (Li) in ophiolitic peridotites and weathered products (laterites, altered ultramafic rocks), affected soil and groundwater from Central Greece. The provided Li and other trace elements data are combined with available Cr-isotope compositions as tracers for redox reactions and their geochemical cycling

We have investigated the bacterial decomposition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from the organic layer of a boreal forest soil and filtered at a pore size of 0.2 µm. This DOM source has previously been extensively characterized and contains approximately equal amounts by carbon of a colloidal fraction, mainly composed of carbohydrates, and a fraction of molecularly dissolved DOM. Here

The Middle Ordovician represents a critical period of climate and oceanic transitions that is notable for a rapid decrease in the marine 87Sr/86Sr ratio, fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 levels, and a brief warming in sea surface temperatures that interrupted a general cooling trend. To investigate the relationship between weathering processes and climate during this period, we analyzed lithium isotopes

The Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil, is among the most significant iron ore provinces. This study utilizes geochemical proxies, including elemental paleosalinity ratios (B/Ga, Sr/Ba, S/TOC), redox-sensitive elements (RSE), and iron speciation, to investigate water mass evolution. Samples were analyzed from three drill cores and four outcrops in the Gandarela Syncline, providing new insights into the

The groundwater chemistry is determined by the complex interaction between temperature-water-rock-gas. Therefore, it is a great challenge to study the formation mechanism of cold mineral spring-Erlongyan Spring, which is located in the Wudalianchi Global Geopark in Northeast China. A multiphase reactive transport model that integrated with fluid, heat transfer, and chemical reaction was employed to

Coastal aquifers, a critical component of the land-ocean continuum, act as hotspots of fresh groundwater and seawater mixing while reactive processes further govern the elemental flux to the ocean in form of groundwater discharge. Here we report stable Sr (δ88/86Sr) and Ca isotope (δ44/40Ca) data for groundwater samples collected from multiple depths (14–333 mbgl) from two coastal aquifers in the Ganges

The geochemical study of arc lavas provides an important window for the exploration of slab input into deep mantle in subduction zones. However, the classification of subduction compositions and the contribution degree that reaches the mantle are difficult to observe directly, and this recycling mechanism is still poorly understood. Here we report Mo-Sr-Nd-Hf isotope data for Late Triassic mafic rocks

Zirconium (Zr) isotopes are an emerging tool to study igneous processes. However, Zr isotope fractionation mechanisms are debated, especially regarding the relative roles of kinetic and equilibrium effects. Here, we report high-precision in-situ Zr isotope (δ94Zr) measurements in zircons from granitoids with ages of 3.4 to 2.5 Ga. The δ94Zr values in all magmatic zircons range from −0.63 to + 0.41 ‰

Redox fluctuation plays a key role in shaping the evolution of the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and other planets in the solar system. Cerium (Ce) isotope fractionation has recently been suggested to be redox sensitive due to the high reduction potential of Ce. However, the mechanism of Ce isotope behavior is not yet clear. Therefore, we use first-principles calculations to investigate mass-dependent

Mountain-building is generally acknowledged to accelerate chemical weathering of silicate rocks by reshaping geomorphology, tectonics, hydrology, and climate. Yet, the dominant driving forces of terrestrial silicate weathering remain unclear. To reveal the mechanisms of silicate weathering during mountain-building, we present hydrochemistry, water isotopes (δD and δ18O), radiogenic strontium isotopes

In seasonally snow-covered ecosystems such as northern hardwood forests of the northeastern U.S., spring snowmelt is a critical transition period for plant and microbial communities, as well as for the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen (N). However, it remains unknown how shifting snowmelt dynamics influence soil and plant processing and uptake of N in these forests, which are experiencing reductions

Correction to: Geochemical Transactions (2024) 25:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12932-024-00094-8 In the original publication of this article [1], the Availability of Data and Materials statement was incorrectly given as “All the codes used for analysis will be made available on Materials Cloud repository” but should have been “Data is available online at Materials Cloud Archive (https://doi.org/10.

Constraining the timing of tectono-thermal events in a terrane affected by several orogenic overprints is challenging. Geochronometers sensitive to magmatic as well as low- to high-grade metamorphic reactions are required. We use the reactive accessory mineral monazite in several lithologies from the Inthanon core complex (N Thailand) to decipher the evolution of this multiply deformed and metamorphosed

Extremely positive δ13C is found in calcite veins for the first time in the Huangqiao CO2-gas reservoir, eastern China, with 13C-enriched values as high as +16.9 ‰. The calcite cannot be explained as a product of isotopic evaporation fractionation and/or microbial methanogenesis, given the high formation temperatures of 100–160 °C. Consequently, we propose a new model that attributes the extremely

Boron/gallium (B/Ga) ratios have proven useful in reconstructing salinity conditions in ancient shale and marl formations. Boron is adsorbed from the watermass in proportion to its aqueous concentration, yielding sedimentary concentrations many times greater than background levels, whereas Ga is present mainly in the detrital fraction. However, the amount of B uptake by a sample depends not only on

Ferromanganese concretions in the shelf sea regions, such as the Baltic Sea, are of significant interest due to their geochemical properties, economic resource potential, and roles in benthic ecosystems. This study analyses the authigenic and detrital mineral phases and their provenance in the Baltic Sea concretions, as well as their formation mechanisms and diagenetic evolution. These concretions

Water plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of continental crust and the formation of granitic magmas. However, it is still hotly debated how to identify fluid regimes during crustal anatexis. Molybdenum (Mo) isotopes have shown the potential to trace fluid activity during magmatic and metamorphic processes and thus are a valuable tool to identify the presence of free fluid during crustal anatexis

The early diagenesis of iron is a critical component of the biogeochemical cycling within shelf sediments; however, its variability across different sedimentary environments has been less known. This study analyzed two sediment cores (EH2-23 A and EH2-23B) from the sand-mud transition zone of the East China Sea (ECS) shelf, with a focus on sediment grain size, total organic carbon (TOC) content, 210Pb

Magmatism in deep continental arcs is crucial for understanding the formation of andesitic continental crust. Garnet, pyroxene and amphibole are typical major mafic phases in deep arcs, with garnet potentially causing noticeable variations in stable isotopes of major elements such as Ca (δ44/40Ca). The upper continental crust (UCC) shows low δ44/40Ca value (0.70 ± 0.02 ‰, 2SE) relative to oceanic crust

Understanding the structure and transport properties of supercritical fluids is crucial for gaining insights into their behavior in subduction zones. While previous research has provided an understanding of the properties of supercritical fluids derived from felsic melts, our knowledge regarding supercritical fluids formed from ultramafic melts in deep subduction zones remains limited. In this study

Benthic fluxes are critical pathways for constituent exchanges and biogeochemical interactions across sediment–water interface. To comprehensively evaluate the modulation of bioturbation on the benthic fluxes of nutrients, we present a novel inverse geochemical modelling framework in near-surface sediments of Lake Taihu, a highly eutrophic freshwater lake in eastern China. This approach incorporates

The concentration of Li and its isotope compositions in CaCO3 minerals have been proposed as emerging paleo-environmental tools. Yet the bonding environment of Li in calcite and aragonite, a prerequisite for interpreting mechanisms controlling Li incorporation and isotope fractionation, is not known. In this study, the atomic-scale environment of lithium in two synthetic samples of calcite and aragonite

Sediments/sedimentary rocks are a major sink of atmospheric N2, which is mainly fixed into diazotrophic biomass and recycled into other organic matters or diagenetically transferred (in the form of NH4+) into the crystal structures of phyllosilicate minerals in sediments. Driven by tectonic activities, sedimentary rocks may experience various degrees of metamorphism with some eventually being melted

The formation of ordered dolomite is unlikely to occur under ambient Earth's surface conditions, yet “disordered dolomite,” has been shown to crystallize at temperatures as low as 40 °C. Such synthetic precipitates have a similar d(104) spacing as dolomite, and have been studied previously to determine their O isotope compositions as a function of temperature with the goal of using oxygen isotopes

Elemental boron (B) concentrations have been shown to be useful in reconstruction of paleosalinity conditions. Accurate measurement of the B content of a sample is critical for this purpose, but B is a light and relatively volatile element, substantial amounts of which can be lost through sample preparation protocols that fail to take this property of B into consideration. Here, we evaluate the effects

The isotopic composition of tooth and bone has long been exploited in ecological, environmental, and archaeological studies. Increasingly, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in collagen are used as tracers of environment and diet. However, the isotopic relationship between hydrogen and oxygen in collagen and oxygen in tooth enamel is poorly described. A new investigation of varied wild large herbivores shows

Ferromanganese oxides that coat dead marine biological remains such as porous sponges, fish bones, and cold-water corals are widespread in deep-sea environments. However, their mineralization mechanisms and the intrinsic connections between ferromanganese oxides and biological remains are poorly understood. In this study, we examine ferromanganese oxide coatings (FMC) on five dead sponge specimens

The Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent inner shelf are significant areas for both the burial and degradation of terrestrial organic matter (OM). However, the impact of hydrodynamics on the degradation of different types of organic compound classes has not been fully elucidated. This study measured dual carbon isotopes (δ13C, Δ14C) of organic compound classes [total hydrolysable amino acids (THAAs)

The production of a significant thermal and fluid anomaly during the assembly of large magmatic bodies inevitably leads to a prolonged, post-magmatic evolution of the system. To shed light on the transition between magmatic and post-crystallization environment, we investigated the variation of OH-defects and trace elements content in quartz from intrusive and eruptive products of the Sesia Magmatic

Over the past 100 million years, intense lateritization has resulted in the widespread development of Fe, FeAl, and bauxite lateritic duricrusts across Amazonia. In Central-Northern Amazonia, Fe-rich lateritic duricrusts formed around 44 Ma, with peaks at 11–10 Ma and 5–4 Ma, while bauxite formation occurred between 25 and 15 Ma. Expanding this interpretation to the Amazonian region, two main bauxitization

Ultramafic-hosted seafloor massive sulfide deposits have been reported in present-day oceanic settings for nearly thirty years. However, the development of comprehensive genetic models that account for deep-seated hydrothermal processes is largely hindered by the limited availability of seafloor observations and their reliance on large-scale geophysical studies. The Platta nappe (Swiss Alps) preserves

Spring can be a critical time of year for stem and soil methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as soil freeze–thaw events can be hot moments of gas release. Greenhouse gas fluxes from soil, Downy birch (Betula pubescens) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) stems were quantified using chamber systems and gas analysers in spring 2023 in a northern drained peatland forest. Dissolved

The origin of slab components in arc lavas remains controversial with proposed sources including direct sediment melts, sediment-mantle mélanges, or crustal fluids. Stable isotope distributions of fluid-borne metals and those immobile in subduction components have the potential to trace the respective contribution of these components if placed into the context of additional magmatic differentiation

The Sr and Ca isotope composition, along with trace element content in fossil teeth, provides valuable insights into biogenic and diagenetic processes. Identifying pristine biological signals is crucial for reconstructing the diet and trophic levels of extinct taxa. We present novel geochemical data from Tyrannosauridae and Ceratopsidae teeth of the Late Cretaceous, using radiogenic Sr (87Sr/86Sr)

Constraining mid-ocean ridge magmatic processes is crucial for understanding the geochemical evolution of magmas traversing the oceanic crust. A crucial archive for investigating these magmatic processes is the chemical composition of lower oceanic crust. This study presents Zn isotope data for primitive to highly evolved cumulates from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Kane) and the Southwest Indian Ridge (IODP

Coprecipitation of phosphate in calcium carbonate minerals is a ubiquitous geochemical phenomenon in marine sedimentation and cave stalagmite formation, however, it is not clear whether phosphate is incorporated into the calcite structure. In this research, we applied solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to analyze P speciation during coprecipitation with calcite. The 31P NMR results

Flocculation of riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) in estuaries is crucial for transforming and removing terrestrial carbon inputs across the land-to-ocean aquatic continuum. We measured variations in chromophoric DOM (CDOM) absorption and fluorescence of riverine DOM through mixing experiments conducted across various seasons and environments, identifying patterns in salt-induced flocculation

Ages of angrites, a diverse and rapidly growing group of differentiated meteorites, are important for understanding the history of their parent body, which is proposed to be an archetypal first-generation planetesimal. Angrites also commonly serve as a time reference in the early Solar System chronology. Pb-isotopic ages of angrites can be determined with high precision, and the isotopic composition