Plant water use strategies play a crucial role in regulating soil moisture, mediating plant-climate feedbacks, and influencing species competition and symbiotic relationships. However, the lack of long-term and large-scale studies on plant water sources has significantly limited comprehensive estimations of the spatiotemporal variations in plant water sources and their impacts on ecohydrological processes

Urban thermal anisotropy poses significant challenges for accurately retrieving land surface temperature (LST) in urban environments using wide-swath polar orbiters. Existing physical and kernel-driven models often require detailed urban structural and property information or rely on simultaneous multi-angle LST observations, limiting their applicability for normalizing directional LSTs across diverse

Nighttime light (NTL) imagery remotely sensed from outer space has been suggested to be a suitable proxy to investigate socioeconomic dynamics. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, many studies have used NTL imagery to estimate the impacts of the pandemic. However, finer-grained analytics are rarely achieved limited by the spatial resolution of major NTL data sources. In November, 2021, the Sustainable

Machine learning models have steadily improved in estimating inherent optical properties (IOPs) from remote sensing observations. Yet, their generalization ability when applied to new water bodies, beyond those they were trained on, is not well understood. We present a novel approach for assessing model generalization across various scenarios, including interpolation within in situ observation datasets

Canopy chlorophyll content per ground area (CCC, g·m−2) is tightly related to vegetation photosynthesis and is a promising indicator of photosynthetic capacity. However, a global operational CCC product is not yet available. To fill this gap, we developed a two-step upscaling method to estimate global CCC from Sentinel-3 OLCI top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance. In the first step, a physically-based

Snow algae, microscopic organisms thriving in snow-covered environments, significantly affect snow albedo and broader climatic processes. This study introduces the Algae Presence Index (API), a novel spectral tool using Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery to detect and classify red and green algae on King George Island, Antarctica. From 2019 to 2023, we analyzed temporal and spatial variations in algae

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) altimetry has been widely used for monitoring river water levels, especially over large and medium-sized rivers. However, challenges still remain in obtaining continuous and high-precision water levels over small rivers due to the altimeter's sparse along-track sampling, distorted waveforms, and river slopes. This study presents a new multi-parameter optimized sub-waveform

Lithium (Li) enrichment in coal has attracted significant attention due to its economic potential and complex geochemical behavior during coal formation. This study investigates the concentration and isotopic composition of Li in kaolinite and organic matter from three high-Li coals from North China using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), complemented by TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA)

While minimizing environmental impacts and fostering economic growth, energy transition, eco-innovation and environmental policy stringency play crucial roles in the attainment of sustainable development. In this regard, present study aims to investigate the roles of energy transition, eco-innovation, environmental policy stringency and globalization in mitigating CO2 emission and fostering sustainable

Land elevation data are indispensable for topographic mapping and geological disaster monitoring. However, the existing ICESat-2/ATL08 (V04) product has a coarse resolution (≥100 m) and is characterized by high uncertainty in mountainous areas; thus, it cannot be used to describe terrain relief characteristics accurately. In this study, a new method for extracting terrain surface elevation is proposed

This study presents the first attempt to observe wildfire enhancements of carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) around sunrise and sunset from a hyperspectral infrared sounder in a dawn-dusk sun-synchronous orbit. The 2nd generation of High Spectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (HIRAS-II) on board FengYun-3E (FY-3E), the world's first civilian dawn-dusk orbit meteorological satellite

Despite globally parallel changes in insolation intensity, the nature and causes of Holocene stadial-interstadial transitions and relevant cycles remain mysterious. Particularly, the ice-thermal feedbacks caused by the ice sheet on the Tibetan Plateau have pronounced effects in the interannual surface-heat anomaly and local-to-remote atmospheric circulations. However, its long-term variations and impacts

Landslides and rockfalls frequently result from the weakening of soft rocks, with marl deterioration being particularly noteworthy. Most research on marl weathering has predominantly relied on laboratory simulations, leaving its natural behavior inadequately explored. This study investigates the impact of thermal weathering on marls at the La Cornalle Molasse rock wall in Epesse, Switzerland, which

The Bogatyr Komin open-pit mine in the Ekibastuz Basin, located in north-east Kazakhstan, is one of the largest coal mines in the world. It is based on three Lower Carboniferous seams (from bottom to top: seams 3, 2, and 1), which together form a 150 m thick, uniform seam complex. At the study site on the western basin edge, the seams dip steeply. Organic petrological and geochemical investigations

Lithium (Li)-rich bauxites from the lower Permian Daoshitou Formation in central Yunnan, western South China Block, have significant potential for aluminium (Al) and Li exploitation. However, the provenance of these Li-rich bauxites remains uncertain. We conducted a comprehensive in situ U–Pb geochronology and trace element study of detrital zircon and rutile grains from lower Permian Li-rich bauxites

Epithermal gold deposits are prime exploration objectives in subaerial volcano-sedimentary basins. However, the ages of epithermal gold deposits in ancient orogenic belts have long been difficult to obtain, largely due to the general lack of minerals unequivocally linked to gold deposition that can be accurately dated by radiogenic isotope techniques. The well-preserved Devono-Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary

Although the deceleration in scientific knowledge production has been well documented at the level of fields, the patterns of knowledge growth within subdisciplines remain poorly explored, primarily due to challenges in classifying papers at lower level. Our study addresses this gap by employing natural language process (NLP) tools to explore the growth of sedimentological knowledge which is a subdiscipline

Vertical cutoff walls at heavy metal contaminated sites are subjected to coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical effects. In this study, a series of oedometer compression, permeability and solute transport tests were conducted to investigate the hydro-mechanical behavior and Cr(VI) containment performance of sand-red clay-bentonite backfill. Mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP) and field emission scanning electron

Regarding whether submarine landslides' mobility decreases linearly or varies non-monotonically with increasing clay content in current studies is still under debate. To address this issue and further investigate the long-runout distance mechanism of submarine landslides, we conducted experiments with clay content ranging from 5 % to 30 % in a flume with an inclination angle of 10°. Through analysis

Microcapsules have great potential in developing more durable and reliable cutoff wall materials. This study produced two types of microcapsules, including single-walled and double-walled, using sodium silicate as the core material, which demonstrated advantageous chemical structures, thermal stability, and rheological properties. An innovative self-healing geopolymer cutoff wall backfill (SHGCWB)

As one of the critical parameters in the land-atmosphere exchange processes, land surface temperature (LST) plays an essential role in various domains, such as climate change, urban heat island effect, disaster monitoring, and evaporation retrieval. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing is one of the main approaches to obtaining LST on a large scale. For the sensors with only one TIR channel, the single-channel

Accurate knowledge of vegetation water content (VWC) and crop height is crucial for agricultural management, environmental monitoring, and for satellite-based retrieval algorithms for geophysical variables. Traditional methods to estimate VWC, primarily rely on optical indices, which has limitations of biomass saturation, and sensitivity to atmospheric conditions. This study introduces a novel application

This study integrates a dynamic plant growth model with a three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer model (RTM) for maize traits retrieval using high spatial–spectral resolution airborne data. The research combines the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model with the Dynamic L-System-based Architectural maize (DLAmaize) growth model to simulate field reflectance. Comparison with the 1D

Climate change increases the frequency of extreme weather events, intensifying shallow flow-type landslides, soil erosion in mountainous regions, and slope failures in coastal areas. Vegetation and biopolymers are explored for ecological slope protection; however, these approaches often face limitations such as extended growth cycles and inconsistent reinforcement. This study investigates the potential

Radiative transfer models (RTM) enable the simulation of remote sensing observations and can therefore be useful for sensitivity analyses and model inversions, for example to determine the biophysical properties of vegetation. For this purpose, the calculation of observation derivatives is crucial. In this study, we propose to differentiate vegetation RTM based on Monte Carlo Ray tracing, PolVRT, as

Water hazards pose significant risks in complex geological conditions encountered during tunnel construction. Therefore, it is necessary to assess and detect water hazards in tunnels with greater precision. This paper proposes an inversion method of full-decay induced polarization (FDIP) with physical law constraints for assessing water inrush hazards. This method innovatively adds physical law constraints

Current co-seismic landslide evaluations predominantly employ machine learning methods, with peak ground acceleration (PGA) serving as the primary covariate for assessing landslide impacts. However, existing research often overlooks the effects of vertical ground motions, focusing solely on horizontal PGA, which does not reflect real-world conditions. To address this gap, we utilize actual ground shaking

Permeability (k) is crucial for subsurface fluid flow, but predicting k-values in tight sandstones remains challenging due to their complex pore structure and heterogeneity. Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise, it faces significant challenges, including limited high-quality data, high computational costs, and unclear prediction mechanisms. This study proposes a sparse data-driven knowledge

Solid bitumen constitutes a predominant organic component in thermally mature source rocks, yet its role in shale reservoirs remains poorly constrained. This study integrated hydrocarbon expulsion simulation via sequential solvent extraction with isothermal pyrolysis experiments conducted on an early mature bituminite-rich shale sample from the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation in North China. Organic

Restoring natural ecosystems has the potential to remove billions of tons of CO2 annually through the end of the century, but rigorously measuring the climate impacts of restoration activities on the ground remains elusive. Ecosystem restoration interventions across hundreds or thousands of smallholder properties require robust above-ground biomass (AGB) products at high spatial (deca-metric: 10–30 m)

Satellite land surface temperature (Ts) provides valuable information on vegetation drought stress via its physical linkage to plant stomatal activity and transpiration. New-generation geostationary satellites offer opportunities to monitor sub-diurnal variations in Ts and thus track plant physiological stress response occurring at sub-daily timescales. Nevertheless, the potential of satellite Ts and

The elemental and isotopic compositions in ore forming fluids are controlled by fluid sources and migration, and are further influenced by mineralization during hydrothermal fluid activity associated with skarn formation and mineralization related to medium-acid intrusions. Tracking the sources and processes of ore-forming fluids by traditional geochemistry remains challenging. In this study, we investigate

High-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) offers a precise and non-destructive method for assessing the distribution of internal soil fractures. This research develops a non-destructive fracture GPR testing platform for low-permeability contaminated soil to acquire GPR B-scan images under authentic environmental conditions. The reliable dataset of soil GPR image is collected. Furthermore, an Improved

An up-to-date, detailed global urban land use map is essential for disclosing urban structures and dynamics as well as their differences across different regions. However, generating an accurate global urban land use map remains challenging due to the complex diversity of land use types and the uneven availability of data. Existing methods, which either rely solely on remote sensing imagery or treat

Ecological niche models (ENMs) are crucial for identifying habitat distribution patterns, understanding habitat preferences, and formulating effective conservation policies. However, accurately quantifying the three-dimensional (3D) structure of habitats, a fundamental component, presents challenges. These estimations heavily depend on the quality of original samples (presence/absence), yet reliable

Accurate and reliable prediction of leaf traits is crucial for understanding plant adaptations to environmental variation, monitoring terrestrial ecosystems, and enhancing comprehension of functional diversity and ecosystem functioning. Currently, various approaches (e.g., statistical, physical models) have been developed to estimate leaf traits through hyperspectral remote sensing and leaf spectroscopy

Energy is the cornerstone of today’s social development, and it is of great significance to comprehensively and objectively reflect the level of energy efficiency (EE) and regional differences. Taking the Huaihe Eco-economic Belt (HEB) as an example, the EE of 28 cities in the HEB from 2008 to 2021 was measured and analyzed by using the super-efficiency SBM model with non-expected outputs; Using Dagum

Geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) structures are extensively employed in infrastructure for mitigating geological disasters and facilitating restoration. Despite their widespread use, the seismic design of GRS structures requires further refinement. This study investigates the potential of three-dimensional modifications to geosynthetics for enhancing geosynthetic–soil interaction strength, extending

The frequent occurrence of extreme rainfall events often triggers levee slope failure (LSF), which, due to the “levee effect”, significantly damages the roads behind the levee. This paper presents a novel framework for the quantitative risk assessment of roads posed by LSF. Within the framework, the innovative integration of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and Material point method (MPM) provides a unique

Back-analysis of ground motion characteristics, such as earthquake magnitude and peak ground accelerations, in paleoliquefaction studies are most commonly based on empirical CPT- and/or SPT-based correlations that estimate the liquefaction resistance of soil materials of relevance. Laboratory triaxial cyclic tests have not been explored for this purpose to date. Our study investigates the liquefaction

This paper investigates the use of muon imaging technique (muography) to enhance engineering geological surveys, integrated with advanced geomatic methods like LiDAR systems and UAV-based digital photogrammetry, for detecting and characterizing cavities in an historical and partially abandoned mining site. The case study focuses on the Temperino mine, located within the Archaeological and Mining Park

Internal erosion, which involves the detachment and migration of soil particles from the soil matrix driven by seepage flow, occurs frequently in natural slopes, dikes and many other geotechnical and hydraulic structures. Previous studies primarily focused on soil internal erosion under the isotropic stress state and monotonic hydraulic loadings. However, the soil in engineering practices is under

The Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) is commonly used to evaluate liquefaction hazards in sandy soils, but is not applicable to gravelly soils. In addition, the choice of liquefaction prediction methods and the form of depth weighting functions may greatly affect the result of the LPI calculation. Meanwhile, the quartile thresholding method, for classifying the LPI values into hazard levels, suffers

Understanding the interaction between rock joints and tunnel boring machines (TBMs) is crucial for efficient and safe tunnelling operations, particularly in complex geological conditions like jointed sandstones. To reveal the tunnelling response in jointed sandstones, this study develops a novel TBM tunnelling test platform, DGTBM-A, to simulate and analyze TBM performance within jointed rock strata

The generation of excess pore water pressure (EPWP) and liquefaction characteristic of soils under seismic loading have long been topics of interest and ongoing discussion. Based on the structural state exhibited in the liquefaction process, the mechanical property of saturated coral sand is divided into solid, pseudo–fluid, and liquid phases. New indices, ζq (generalized deviator strain evolution)

A probabilistic approach is proposed to determine the intensity-duration (ID) rainfall thresholds for rainstorm-induced shallow landslides. The uncertainties of the local rainfall and the geotechnical properties of individual slopes are considered. The long-term precipitation records were statistically analysed to identify local rainfall patterns and obtain the joint probability distribution of key

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the interaction mechanism between aqueous foam and unsaturated granite residual soil during conditioning. Contact filter paper tests and undrained shear tests were used to analyze foam's effects on soil water retention and shear behavior, while surface tension tests, capillary rise tests, and microscopic observations examined the role of soil particles

Freeze–thaw cycles in cold regions induce complex thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) interactions that challenge infrastructure stability. Existing monitoring techniques often lack the spatial resolution and multi-parameter capability needed to capture these coupled processes comprehensively. This study develops an integrated monitoring system combining fiber optic and conventional sensors to achieve distributed

River/lake dredged sediments (RLDS) pose significant challenges for geotechnical applications due to their high organic content (including non-humus), microbial activity, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which hinder conventional dewatering methods such as vacuum preloading. This study investigates heating-assisted vacuum preloading (HAVP) as an enhanced approach to improve RLDS dewatering

Time domain induced polarization (TDIP) has emerged as potential and effective geophysical method for delineating contaminated sites owing to its cost effectiveness and information continuity, in addition to the advantage of providing more parameter information to reduce uncertainty. However, the information content of different TDIP datasets (partial integral and full decay) is unclear and thus, the

Due to their importance in monitoring and modelling Earth's climate, the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) designates leaf area index (LAI) and the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) as essential climate variables (ECVs). The Simplified Level 2 Biophysical Processor (SL2P) has proven particularly popular for decametric (i.e. 10 m to 100 m) retrieval of these ECVs

Landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA) plays a vital role in disaster prevention and mitigation. Recently, numerous data-driven LSA approaches have emerged. Nonetheless, most of them neglected the rapid oscillations within the landslide-prone environment, primarily due to significant changes in external triggers such as rainfall, which would render landslides susceptible to varying causations over

Invasions by Spartina species have posed serious threats to coastal ecosystems worldwide. Since the introduction of Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) in China in 1979, it has expanded across 68,000 ha of coastal wetlands by 2020. In 2022, the Chinese government issued the “Special Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Spartina alterniflora (2022–2025)”, aiming for nationwide eradication

In spite of the efforts made for canopy water content (CWC) mapping in the community, including vegetation water proxy from microwave-based vegetation optical depth (VOD) as well as optical-based indices, there is still no operational CWC product from optical satellites up to now. To fill this gap, this study proposes a unified algorithm for CWC mapping at both decametric and coarse spatial resolution

Land surface temperature (LST) plays an important role in Earth energy balance and water/carbon cycle processes and is recognized as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) and an Essential Agricultural Variable (EAV). LST products that are issued from satellite observations mostly depict landscape-scale temperature due to their generally large footprint. This means that a pixel-based temperature integrates

Identifying where maritime activities take place, and quantifying their potential impact on marine biodiversity, is important for the sustainable management of marine areas, spatial planning and marine conservation. Detection and monitoring of small vessels, such as pleasure crafts, has been challenging due to limited data availability with adequate temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we develop

The Light Use Efficiency (LUE) model, epitomized by the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model, is extensively applied in the quantitative estimation and analysis of vegetation Net Primary Productivity (NPP). However, the classic CASA model is marked by significant complexity: the estimation of environmental stress, in particular, necessitates multi-source observation data and model parameters

In convergent plate boundaries, the pre-collisional stages, when most of the oceanic crust has already been subducted, are hidden and reshaped inside the tectonic units forming orogenic wedges. The central-eastern Mediterranean Sea is an example of a debated remnant ocean basin ideal for reconstructing these pre-collisional/early collisional stages of the mountain chain, hosting two subduction systems

Landslide Susceptibility Mapping is a vital tool for assessing landslide risks and designing mitigation strategies. Traditional methods rely on field-based landslide inventories, which are time-consuming and costly, limiting their applicability in complex terrains and their ability to detect potential landslides in steep or subtle surface change areas. Based on multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar