IntroductionThe sound speed in the ocean significantly influences the propagation characteristics of underwater acoustic signals. Rapid acquisition of underwater three-dimensional (3D) sound speed fields is essential for target detection, acoustic communication, and underwater navigation. The usual used single empirical orthogonal function (sEOF) method, which reconstructs sound speed profiles (SSP)

Obligate freshwater stingrays of the Potamotrygoninae subfamily are endemic to South America and confined to freshwater systems heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities. These pressures often lead to habitat degradation, with unknown impacts on these species’ physiology, behavior, ecology, and survival. Given the increasing pollution of aquatic environments and potential lethal and sublethal effects

IntroductionThis study examines 20 years of killer whale (Orcinus orca) sightings (2002–2023) in the eastern Canadian Arctic, drawing from a comprehensive sighting database spanning 1850–2023. Despite inherent biases favoring data collection near communities and coastal areas, spatiotemporal analyses reveal significant shifts in killer whale distribution linked to changing sea ice conditions.MethodsWe

This work evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with the seaweed, Pterocladia capillacea, nanoparticles (SN) on the growth, whole-body composition, digestive enzyme activities, feed efficiency, immunological response, antioxidant activity, and gene expression of the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The SN form was conducted using a Planetary Ball Mill PM 400. The particle size of the

By creating habitats or influencing the immediate physical environment, ecosystem engineers shape the diversity, function and services provided by ecosystems. Thus, the disruption of these species is relevant given their broad influence on native communities and ecosystems. As such, we review the effects (positive, negative, or neutral) of a widespread invasive species, the European green crab (Carcinus

Pteropods are marine planktonic snails that are used as bioindicators of ocean acidification due to their thin, aragonitic shells, and ubiquity throughout the world’s oceans; their responses include decreased size, reduced shell thickness, and increased shell dissolution. Shell dissolution has been measured with a variety of metrics involving light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and

Predation is a major source of mortality in bottom - cultured scallops. To investigate the behavioral, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying predator - induced stress responses, an integrative approach was employed on Yesso scallops (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) exposed to the northern Pacific sea star (Asterias amurensis) by combining shell clap behavior quantification, enzyme activity assays

Synechococcus elongatus is a model cyanobacterium with remarkable adaptability to diverse environmental stresses, making it a promising candidate for the photoautotrophic conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals. This review explores the adaptive mechanisms that allow S. elongatus to survive under various abiotic stresses, such as changes in CO2 levels, heavy metals, and light conditions

Octopus, an abundant marine species with diverse applications, is attracting growing attention for its unique biological characteristics and potential utilization in food science and biotechnology. Octopus contain amino acids, active peptides, fatty acids and trace elements and these bioactives exhibit a wide range of effects, including anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, antioxidant and anti-aging activities

Estuaries comprise important but often-degraded fish nursery habitat. People have invested considerable resources into restoring estuaries to rehabilitate habitats, but comparatively little work has evaluated population outcomes for target species. Here, we examined the response of a threatened population of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to estuary restoration in their natal tidal delta

Channel deepening and narrowing are common anthropogenic modifications in estuaries, but their combined effects on estuarine circulation, stratification, and sediment transport remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates these combined impacts in the North Passage of the Changjiang Estuary, where large-scale deepening and narrowing have significantly altered hydrodynamic and sediment

This study examines the wave climate and its influence on potential Longshore Sediment Transport (LST) along the Shippagan coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada. Using a combination of in-situ observations and ERA5 reanalysis data, the research evaluates both seasonal and annual variations in wave dynamics and sediment transport, with particular attention to the role of extreme weather

Accurate estimation of air-sea fluxes is essential for advancing ocean modeling, observational studies, and understanding air-sea interactions. To address this need, the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) developed and deployed a Flux Reference System (INCOIS-FRS) onboard ORV Sagar Nidhi. This article provides an overview of the system, its components, data acquisition methods

The family Echeneidae, which belongs to the order Carangiformes, is a group of marine fish recognized for their distinctive hitchhiking behavior. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to investigate the genomic characteristics of three species within the family Echeneidae. The results indicated that the genome sizes of Remora remora, Remora albescens, and Echeneis naucrates

Seagrass beds provide important ecosystem services and are valued, in part, for their potential to mediate stressors such as ocean acidification and hypoxia (OAH) for sensitive species. However, the susceptibility of seagrasses to anthropogenic impacts and recent declines motivate the need to better understand the drivers of seagrass and the water quality consequences that occur with variation in seagrass

Intelligent ship energy efficiency online monitoring systems should possess the capability to monitor a ship’s primary energy-consuming equipment, navigation conditions, and other relevant parameters. In this study, the parameters obtained from engine test data were integrated into the system for verification purposes. The analysis focused on energy distribution and variations in the excess air coefficient

IntroductionAnatomical information is crucial in marine biology research. Traditionally, destructive techniques, such as slice imaging of the sample, are used to image the inside of the sample, which are unsuitable for valuable or rare specimens. While energy-integrating detectors computed tomography (CT) can provide non-invasive anatomical information, it suffers from limitations such as low spatial

The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement marks a significant step in governing global commons, yet faces implementation challenges regarding marine genetic resources (MGRs). Key limitations include ambiguous definitions of derivatives, tension between freedom of high seas and common heritage principles, and uncertain benefit-sharing models. In response, this paper proposes three

The global invasive species, Spartina alterniflora has caused significant damage to coastal wetland ecosystems in China. This study evaluated the effectiveness and ecological impacts of two S. alterniflora management strategies in the Yangtze River estuary: Haloxyfop-R-methyl application and repeated mowing (once at the early flowering stage and once nine weeks later). The effectiveness of S. alterniflora

Anthropogenic salinization resulting from road salt application can degrade aquatic environments by altering the structure and function of phytoplankton communities, ultimately reducing flows of resources through aquatic food webs. However, physiological mechanisms underlying taxon‐specific responses to salinization are often poorly linked to higher‐order ecosystem dynamics, limiting our ability to

Marine hardgrounds are common features during the Phanerozoic and hold significant sedimentological and economic importance. Intriguingly, previous reports of marine hardgrounds are concentrated in Calcite Seas, despite elevated seawater CaCO3 saturation in Aragonite Seas. This bias remains unclear in origin and requires more hardground information, especially from Aragonite Seas, for clarification

Marine heat waves (MHWs) are recognized as pervasive drivers of impacts on marine species and ecosystems across the world; however, sub-Arctic areas that are rapidly losing seasonal sea-ice cover remain understudied. In this research, we examine a forty-year time series of MHW characteristics in the seasonally ice-covered James Bay region of the Canadian Inland Seas in central Canada. Through the period

Soft-sediment habitats are crucial for marine coastal ecosystems, supporting diverse biodiversity both above and below the sediment. Ocean acidification, driven by rising CO2 and nutrient influx, enhances heterotrophic metabolism, raising CO2 levels and lowering pH. These alterations complicate the dynamics of tidal flat, emphasizing the need for further research into their impact on biodiversity.

The effects of global warming are most pronounced at high latitudes and are a threat to primary productivity patterns and, in particular, to sea ice algae. Here, we investigated the importance of ice algae in the diet of megabenthic organisms belonging to several feeding guilds across several locations in the Canadian Arctic characterised by different sea ice conditions using two biochemical approaches

The mushroom industry generates by-products often classified as waste, making waste management a significant concern. To address this challenge and meet the growing demand for alternative protein sources in aquafeeds, this study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo digestibility of mushroom meals derived from three commercially cultivated species: Agaricus bisporus (AB), Lentinula edodes (LE), and Pleurotus

Cold-water coral mounds are common along the continental margins of the Atlantic Ocean. They are formed by coral growth and sediment accumulation and consist of coral fragments embedded in hemipelagic sediments. Coral mounds are expected to provide high-resolution palaeo-records due to their elevated morphology. However, most sediment cores from coral mounds exhibit significant hiatuses (stratigraphic

This study focuses on tracking cranes and storks to aid in wetland ecological protection. Multi-target tracking of these birds presents challenges such as frequent occlusions, sudden appearances, and disappearances. To tackle these issues, we propose a novel multi-target tracking algorithm, AviaryMOT, which utilizes a fusion technique that combines shallow and deep features to enhance tracking accuracy

The ocean plays an essential role in regulating Earth’s climate, influencing weather conditions, providing sustenance for large populations, moderating anthropogenic climate change, encompassing massive biodiversity, and sustaining the global economy. Human activities are changing the oceans, stressing ocean health, threatening the critical services the ocean provides to society, with significant consequences

This study compares pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) production in three systems: a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), an in-pond raceway system (IPRS), and a traditional pond polyculture (POND). Each system was stocked with 1500 juveniles and cultured for 24 weeks. The RAS fish exhibited the most intensive growth, achieving the highest final total length, final body weight, condition factor and

Urbanization driven by population growth, development and tourism increasingly threatens even remote areas, potentially impacting biodiversity. This is particularly concerning given the ecological and economic importance of biodiversity, especially for island nations, where ecotourism plays a crucial role in the economy. This study examines urban-driven degradation effects on the nurseries of lemon

Bivalves are often used as sentinel organisms for assessing microplastic (MP) pollution in marine ecosystems. However, MP contamination in estuaries remains under-studied despite their high vulnerability to this type of pollution. This study aimed at evaluating MP contamination in Scrobicularia plana from two estuaries in SW Spain (Guadiana and Guadalquivir), subjected to different levels of human

Excessive inputs of nitrate from land-based sources can lead to coastal eutrophication, and accurate identification of nitrate sources is an important prerequisite for the effective control of eutrophication. In this study, we selected Jiaozhou Bay, a typical eutrophic bay, as the case study area. Using nitrate concentration, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope data, along with analytical techniques

A hypoxic water mass in Mikawa Bay, a semi-enclosed coastal area in Japan, dissipated significantly on August 20, 2020. Observational data suggest that the dissipation resulted from the advection of oxygen-rich water masses from the bay mouth and/or the open sea. However, the precise mechanism driving the dissipation of hypoxia remains unclear. In this study, using an ecological hydrodynamic model

This study investigates the dispersion of floating plastic from Recife-PE harbor using a particle tracking model and examines contaminants in fishing nets collected from Brazilian beaches. Simulations were conducted for both dry and rainy seasons. Fishing nets were collected from eight beaches for analysis. The plastic movement simulation showed particles dispersed 0.41 km southward during the dry

This study aimed to examine the validity of benthic foraminifera-based indices – Foraminiferal Stress Index (FSI), diversity index Exp(H'bc), and Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) – for evaluating estuarine environmental conditions and supporting palaeoecological reconstructions, focusing on the Sado estuary (southwest Portugal). Located near heavily industrialized urban areas and designated as a Nature

Storm-petrels are among the seabird species with the highest frequencies of marine plastic ingestion, owing to their surface pick-up foraging behavior. However, there has been little assessment of plastic-related pollutants in these birds. Tristram's storm-petrels (Hydrobates tristrami), in particular, inhabit the North Pacific Central Gyre, one of the most polluted marine regions in the world. This

This study evaluates the degradation and detoxification of okadaic acid (OA), a marine biotoxin, through UV-assisted photochemical processes using environmentally relevant OA concentrations. Experiments were conducted in distilled water (DW) and artificial seawater (ASW), applying two UV sources: UV-LED (λmax = 275 nm) and low-pressure mercury lamp (LP-Hg; λ = 254 nm), combined with hydrogen peroxide

Mangrove ecosystems are vital for maintaining biodiversity, purifying water, sequestering carbon, and mitigating climate change in coastal regions. The geographical distribution of mangrove forests has been severely affected by global warming; therefore, it must be predicted under future climate scenarios to provide a scientific basis for conservation and restoration. In this study, we employed the

Like many other regions worldwide, rising sea levels threaten to inundate India’s coastal zones and resources, potentially leaving millions impoverished and displaced. India is set to be among the countries severely impacted by climate change and rising sea levels. Fortunately, India has an adaptation strategy that could mitigate some of these effects and help prolong its resilience. This strategy

The importance of ocean currents in influencing the connectivity and dispersal of marine megafauna, including sea turtles, is becoming increasingly recognized. However, more comprehensive studies are needed on how these currents impact the genetic makeup and connectivity of green turtle Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) populations in the Pacific Islands region. To address this gap, our study conducted

IntroductionCoral restoration efforts increasingly focus on enhancing larval settlement and post-settlement survival. However, the species-specific efficacy of different settlement inducers remains inadequately understood, limiting optimization of restoration protocols.MethodsThis study systematically assessed the effectiveness of three settlement inducers—Crustose coralline algae (CCA), Chemical (CaCl2)

IntroductionCompared to mammals and birds, sex-determining genes differ in most fish species. Largemouth bass (Micropterus Salmoides) is one of the most important cultured fish species in China, and there are growth differences between males and females. However, its sex-determining genes and mechanisms currently remain unknown.MethodsWe explored the sex-determination mechanism by integrating whole-genome

In saline-alkaline water, carbonate alkalinity (CA) stands as the predominant detrimental environmental element impacting aquatic fauna. As a multifunctional organ, the gill plays a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism in shrimp. In this study, the low-salinity cultured Litopenaeus vannamei was exposed to CA stress for a period of 7 days, and then the stress was relieved and recovered for

Several global and regional initiatives exist to increase the proportion of seafloor mapped by direct measurements, brought together through international collaborations, of which the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project is perhaps the most well-known. Nearly halfway into the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, we used publicly available bathymetric and type-identifier

Saccostrea mordax is an ecologically important bivalve species and a potential genetic resource for oyster breeding that inhabit in the Indo-Western Pacific region, characterized by three distinct lineages: A, B, and C. However, limited information is available about its genetic variation and genetic structure. The present study was conducted to study genetic diversity and population structure of S

On September 20 2024 China and Japan reached four consensuses on the discharge of Fukushima ALPS-treated water into the sea. This not only eased the tense trade relations between the two states but also provided an important opportunity to build a new type of marine environmental protection cooperation in Northeast Asia. In fact there are multiple environmental protection communication mechanisms in

BackgroundTraditional water indices often misclassify shadows as water, especially in polar regions. This study aims to improve water extraction accuracy by analyzing the spectral characteristics of water and shadows.MethodsA statistical analysis of the reflectance curves between red and green bands was conducted using Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery. Based on the steepness of decline in reflectance

The international ship registration system is an important component of shipping policy. A review of its historical development in China reveals that its implementation has yet to achieve the intended outcomes. The construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port presents a valuable opportunity to advance the development of this system. Based on the Theory of Change Model, this study assesses the current

Global marine pollution demands effective governance measures, with international investment law playing a crucial role. This study explores ocean pollution governance through international investment law, focusing on two aspects. First, it examines environmental clauses in investment agreements and their influence on host countries’ environmental regulatory space. Second, it assesses China’s current

Assessing long-term trends in zooplankton community structure is essential for the monitoring of aquatic systems. However, there is paucity of information on zooplankton community structure in Lake Tana's northern gulf. Therefore, this study aimed to provide baseline information on the spatio-temporal variations in zooplankton assemblages in Lake Tana's northern gulf, focusing on water quality parameters

Contamination by organic pollutants, even in remote regions, poses a growing threat to wildlife, including seabirds. However, for many seabirds breeding at high latitudes, both the extent and nature of contaminant exposure remain largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) present in the Svalbard Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica at the northern limit of

Despite the significant ecological and human health risks posed by microplastic (MP) pollution in estuarine environments, documentation of their distribution remains absent in most water quality analyses. This study evaluated the distribution and characteristics of MPs in surface waters of Narragansett Bay, RI, the largest estuary in New England, which exhibits a strong north-to-south human population

Significant amount of microplastics (< 5 mm) were transported into the South China Sea via Pearl River Estuary. However, comprehensive studies on the occurrence and retention of microplastics in this estuarine system were still limited. To fill this gap, we investigated the distribution of microplastics in still-water ecosystems and running water ecosystems in the west bank of the Pearl River Estuary

We consider appropriate indices for hazardous, sharp or toxic, litter items. It is demonstrated that a previously published hazardous items index for litter beach monitoring is dependent on the study area and so cannot be compared across different studies with different study areas. We suggest two alternative indices, based on the number of hazardous items per unit area and the percentage of total

Microplastics pose a serious threat to marine ecosystems. Their presence in deep-sea sediments has been well-documented. Sediment gravity flows (SGFs) can transport microplastics to the deep sea. The transport mechanisms of microplastics carried by sand-laden SGFs have been investigated experimentally, however, these mechanisms differ from transport processes within clay-laden SGFs due to the differences

The formation of ‘seawater-in-oil’ emulsions reduces the effectiveness of current oil spill response operations such as the physical recovery of oil with skimmers, or oil dispersion with chemical dispersants, due to increases in volume and viscosity. This becomes even more acute in cold regions because of the potential for below-freezing temperatures and floating ice. Low temperatures increase oil

Landsat images reveal that the lagoon outlet periodically closes for short periods, impacting heavy metal concentrations, foraminiferal ecology and distribution. Strong northern winds induce oblique waves toward the coast, causing the lagoon mouth to close intermittently. The relationship between heavy metal concentrations and benthic foraminiferal species was examined during both lagoon mouth closure

This study investigates the effects of Stokes drift, wind drift factor and angle on oil transport using the MEDSLIK-II model, focusing on the 2019 P-53 platform spill in Brazilian waters. Model accuracy was assessed by the difference in distances between simulated and observed trajectories from Synthetic Aperture Radar. Sixteen simulations tested different wind drift angles (10°–45°), drift factors

Thirty-four persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides, were comprehensively analyzed using GC–MS/MS across 260 samples. The chromatographic analysis included hospital wastewater, effluent and influent from a wastewater treatment plant, coastal seawater, sediments, and marine biota, specifically seagrass