Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health, particularly in rapidly urbanizing developing countries like Vietnam. This study assessed air quality in 55 locations across Dong Nai province using periodic intermittent monitoring during the dry and rainy seasons of 2022–2023. Key air quality parameters, including total suspended particulate matter (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide

Two-year monitoring of indoor and outdoor PM10 was carried out at 15 residential sites in the urban area of Rome, Italy (May 2019–April 2021) through 12 continuous two-month samplings. PM10 source apportionment identified nine emission sources: cigarette smoke, biomass burning, vehicular traffic, road dust, soil dust, heavy oil combustion, ammonium nitrate, and sulphate. The major contributions to

Urban morphology simultaneously influences outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) and building energy consumption (BEC). However, the quantitative impact of urban morphology parameters on OTC and BEC, especially taking into account demand differences across seasons, has not been systematically revealed. This study investigated the OTC and BEC of 25 representative residential cases on typical winter and summer

The urban heat island effect (UHI) exaggerates heat extremes, whereas the concurrent urban dry island effect (UDI) may mitigate heatwave risks. It remains unclear whether urbanization increases or decreases the risk of heatwaves at a large scale. Using daily meteorological observations provided by China Meteorological Data Service Center and urban-minus-rural method, this study analyzes the evolutionary

Current research lacks fine-scale assessments of urban XCO2 dynamics and carbon source/sink identification from spatiotemporal perspectives. Thus, a 1 km-resolution XCO2 dataset (XCO2_Cat) for mainland China from 2000 to 2020 was reconstructed using CatBoost model and multi-source data, incorporating spatial and temporal factors. It enabled an in-depth analysis of XCO2 and XCO2_ano, offering insights

Frequent extreme heat events pose a significant public health threat, particularly to the elderly. Urban parks have long been recognized for their role in mitigating heat impacts, underscoring the need for accurate evaluation of their cooling services. This study aims to enhance urban climate equity for the elderly by: 1) modifying a multiple accessibility framework with remote sensing data to quantify

Rapid urbanization has increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, exacerbating ecological issues and prompting global shift towards low-carbon development. However, current studies at the county-level face challenges such as incomplete monitoring systems and insufficient statistical granularity, which restrict the detailed analysis of carbon emission spatial distribution and driving mechanisms. To address

The escalation of urbanisation contributes significantly to urban heat in both affluent and impoverished neighbourhoods. Community thermal vulnerability is often characterised by socio-demographic composition, with little consideration as places where people are unequally exposed to greenspace and how they associate with cooling disparities. Combining land surface temperature, this Antananarivo case

Satellite images of land surface temperatures (LST) are commonly used to identify areas within cities most prone to diurnal thermal discomfort, but they may not reflect the experiences of pedestrians. Here, we developed predictive statistical models for Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), an indicator of thermal discomfort, with easily accessible spatial predictors. For this, we measured PET

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect presents significant challenges to urban environments, leading to increased energy consumption, deteriorating air quality, and elevated health risks. This study provides a pioneering sensitivity analysis of the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) model—the first of its kind to comprehensively assess the impact of both irregular and traditional urban forms in a semi-arid

Wildfires, exacerbated by climate change, emit pollutants like PM2.5 that harm human health. This study investigates PM2.5 pollution in Chicago from 2019 to 2023, focusing on the impact of smoke originating from wildfires across North America. Despite the absence of local wildfires, transported smoke causes significant deterioration of air quality and poses health risks. Our analysis, leveraging data

Urban and industrial expansion raises the land surface temperature (LST), posing challenges that require understanding for sustainable city planning. This study assesses variables influencing LST at Sharjah University City, UAE, a semi-arid area experiencing the reverse Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This study assess key factors like land use land cover (LULC), spectral indices, wind speed, and topography

Simultaneous measurements of PM10 and more than 80 chemical components have been carried out indoors and outdoors at 15 residential sites in the urban area of Rome, Italy, for a study period of 2 years from May 2019 to April 2021 (12 samplings of the duration of 2 months each).

Meteorological variables and air pollution have raised the risk of associated mortality or morbidity of diseases, particularly respiratory diseases. In this study, prediction models were constructed employing three machine learning algorithms: generalized additive model (GAM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forest (RF) based on daily meteorological and air quality data, as well as visits

Evergreen trees are widely used as landscape elements in residential developments within cold regions. However, limited research has been conducted on the effects of evergreen trees on winter microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort (OTC). This study investigates the impact of different planting patterns of evergreen trees, including regular row planting, lump concentration planting and natural group

Research on the synergistic effects of compound temperature-humidity extremes on urban heat island (UHI) and urban moisture island (UMI), particularly in humid subtropical climates, remains limited. This study investigates these synergistic effects in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, two neighboring cities in China's Great-Bay-Area that undergone distinct urbanization processes. Based on the 90th percentiles

Clarifying the spatial connections of the co-benefits of reducing pollutants and carbon emissions (RPCE) is important for promoting collaborative urban governance and achieving sustainable development. This study examines the overall and individual evolutionary characteristics of spatial connection network (SCN) of the co-benefits of RPCE in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban cluster in China from

Rapid urban expansion intensifies land use/land cover (LULC) changes, contributing to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and decline in urban ecosystem services. This requires targeted ecological conservation strategies and integrated policies that balance urban development with ecological protection to address. The objective of this systematic review is to critically analyze the potential of nature-based

High-resolution and sector-specific spatial prediction of carbon emissions is essential for developing effective urban planning strategies to mitigate climate change. This study introduces an innovative approach by integrating the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme and calculating landscape metrics indices as impact factors to enhance the spatial precision of carbon emission predictions. Using the Long-range

Cities are increasingly developing Climate Action Plans to coordinate local emissions reduction; however, planners lack methodological guidance for consolidating many individual climate projects into a single plan. To close this gap, we frame the task of developing Climate Action Plans as a scheduling problem that determines optimal start times for emissions abatement projects given a specific budget

As major hubs of economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions, cities are central to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Recognizing this, urban climate change research has expanded significantly since 1990. This article uses topic modeling to identify major themes addressed in over 133,000 articles focused on the nexus between climate change and cities. It also examines focus areas across different

In rapidly growing cities, unregulated urban expansion may encroach water bodies and floodplains, leading to frequent flooding. Chennai's traditional water bodies, known as ‘tanks’, act as nature-based solutions (NbS) for flood mitigation. Since the early 1900s, urbanization has led to the loss of 13.6 million m3 of tank storage within the city. The remaining tanks, holding 174.7 million m3 of water

Urban parks effectively mitigated the urban heat island (UHI) effects. The field extent and boundary of cold island effects, influenced by internal landscape characteristics of parks, external urban morphology and regional climatic factors, determined cooling service magnitude. The study used buffer analysis to calculate the park's cold island effect, introduced fundamental concepts and delineation

The spatial scale of Local Climate Zone (LCZ) mapping significantly affects classification accuracy and the understanding of the relationship between land surface characteristics and urban climates. Traditional “one-size unit” mapping often fails to capture actual climatic conditions and inconsistencies between LCZs, limiting its ability to precisely identify urban heat island effects. Using Hong Kong

In this study, we have analyzed PM10 and PM2.5 mean concentrations over 20-year (2003−2022) and 16-year (2007–2022) period, respectively obtained from air quality monitoring stations installed in 22 districts across Tehran, one of the most populated cities in the world. By applying the Mann-Kendall test, the results showed that the annual PM10 mean concentrations increased by 0.27 % per year, while

Urban microclimates significantly impact public health, liveability, and emergency preparedness, yet traditional weather alert systems often rely on centralised data that fails to capture the spatial variability of conditions within cities. This study presents an innovative platform that integrates ArcGIS GeoEvent Server with AIoT-driven predictive analytics to deliver hyper-localised weather alerts

Kolkata is a major fastest-growing city in India facing severe stormwater inundation yearly. However, it is difficult to identify stormwater inundation areas due to the unavailability of past inundation data on a large scale. This study focused on developing a methodology using Sentinel image and Machine Learning (ML) techniques for identifying inundation potential areas to minimize past inundation

Under the backdrop of global climate governance and China's dual carbon objectives, this research explores how urban digital intelligence transformation (DIT) aids low-carbon development. By using city-level panel data from China (2016–2021) and applying the difference-in-differences (DID) approach, we assess the influence of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Development Pilot Zones (AIIDPZs) on carbon

Urbanization and climate change are intensifying disparities in access to green spaces, particularly for vulnerable populations such as low-income groups and older adults in areas with sever heat. COVID-19 and its aftereffects exacerbate this inequity of urban land use, especially for these populations. While previous studies explored park uses and the effects of climate, limited study have investigated

Addressing global climate change and reducing carbon dioxide emissions are critical priorities for sustainable development. Exploring the decoupling effect of carbon emissions at the macro scale is essential for understanding regional disparities, optimizing spatial resource allocation, and guiding coordinated low-carbon transitions across diverse geographical contexts. Using the Wuhan Metropolitan

Urban impervious surfaces are a significant contributor to the urban heat island (UHI). Efforts to mitigate the UHI often focus on reducing impervious surface area by adding green infrastructure, especially trees. Urban farms are another type of green infrastructure that provide green space in the form of pervious soils and actively transpiring crops. Using six years of hourly temperature measurements

Urban impacts on local weather are the aggregated influences of buildings and man-made structures, therefore requiring analyses with an explicit representation of building arrangements and an upscaling from urban-district scale to mesoscale. Using a building-resolving large-eddy simulation model, this study examines how local climate zones (LCZs) and building arrangement parameters are related quantitatively

Lagoons are critical coastal ecosystems that serve as buffers against climate change impacts while supporting biodiversity and socio-economic activities. However, these systems are increasingly threatened by the combined pressures of urban expansion and climate variability, particularly in rapidly growing megacities. This study investigates the dynamic transformation of the Lagos lagoon systems in

This study assesses historical and future rainfall patterns in Sarawak's diverse ecology by using a novel hybrid machine learning-based past-performance and envelope approaches to select the most suitable global climate models (GCMs) for climate projections. Additionally, a non-local Model Output Statistics (MOS) approach is introduced for climate downscaling, enhancing the precision of localized projections

This study explores the potential of architecture morphology to mitigate PM2.5 pollution through enhanced urban ventilation. Despite the recognized influence of building designs on wind and air pollution distribution at the urban block scale, specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we have developed an integrative approach combining in-situ observations, Geographic Information

Urban and rural communities are facing an increasingly severe risk of climate-related disasters, which underscores the urgency of enhancing their resilience to disasters. Existing research on climate disaster resilience faces issues such as difficulty in data acquisition and insufficient quantification in assessment methods. This study utilized the nighttime light (NTL) data to monitor the disturbance

Urban agglomerations face escalating ecological challenges due to rapid urbanization and climate change, yet the dynamic spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of ecological resilience remain underexplored. This study examines the ecological resilience of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from 2010 to 2020, integrating a deep learning approach using the Transformer-based TSAR-SHAP model with spatiotemporal

Rapid urbanization and climate crisis amplified the adverse effects of urban heat, while it remained unclear about the long-term impacts of urban heat island (UHI) on mental disorders, especially schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). This study included 393,507 participants from the UK Biobank to examine the impact of long-term exposure to UHI on the incidence risk of SSD and changes of brain structures

Over the past decade, Beijing has achieved positive results in controlling fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution. However, it remains a challenge to further reduce PM2.5 concentrations to a lower level, such as the World Health Organization's air quality guidelines (5 μg/m3). In this study, PM2.5 concentrations and emission reductions over eight years covering two policy periods of air pollution

The study evaluates urban temperatures in the low-rise, semi-arid city of Kano, Nigeria. Massive urban growth over four decades raises concern about impacts of urbanisation on households, given more frequent heat waves and poor access to electricity supply. MODIS Land Surface Temperatures (LST)s are examined to characterise potential Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects, and changes in urban temperatures

Urbanization significantly influences the local climate of a city, giving rise to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon and affecting the quality of human life. The UHI is characterized by elevated temperatures in urban areas, a condition exacerbated by the impacts of global warming and urban growth compared to the outlying regions, posing a significant urban challenge resulting from human activities

Climate change significantly impacts the outdoor urban environment, particularly streets, by intensifying the Urban Heat Island effect, leading to higher surface temperatures and reduced thermal comfort. Prolonged heat accelerates the deterioration of pavements and street furniture, increasing maintenance costs and compromising urban resilience. In addition to enhancing accessibility, streets play

Vegetation parameters significantly impact the accuracy of microclimate simulations, yet their values vary across different climate zones. This study investigates whether using localized vegetation parameters can enhance simulation accuracy. Four scenarios were established with varying vegetation parameters and meteorological boundary conditions. Localized vegetation parameters were obtained from tree

Climate change has escalated heat risks in urban areas, which caused complex impacts on physical activity and an urgent need for better urban environments. Psychological knowledge helps explain the relationship between urban environment and physical activity levels (PA). Utilizing perceptions of heat risks in climate change (PHR) as the intermediary, the research explored the relationships between

The increasingly populated cities of the 21st Century face the challenge of being sustainable and resilient spaces for their inhabitants. However, climate change, among other problems, makes these objectives difficult to achieve. The Urban Heat Island phenomenon that occurs in cities, increasing their thermal stress, is one of the stumbling blocks to achieve a more sustainable city. The ability to

In this study, the dynamics of airborne bioaerosol particles originated from different releasing sources under in spring, summer, autumn and winter meteorological factors in Zhongguancun, Beijing were investigated. The quantitative assessment of exposure risks was conducted by integrating a dose-response model within the context of accidental releases of biological materials in the scenarios of biosecurity

Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) are critical for understanding air quality, atmospheric chemistry, and climate change. This study examines long-term trends in NO₂ and SO₂ concentrations over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) from 2005 to 2023 using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) data from NASA's Aura satellite, addressing the region's limited surface monitoring network. Elevated

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge. However, the increasing problems of air pollution and climate change have a potential impact on the incidence of TB. Understanding the potential interaction between air pollutants and climate factors on TB is critical for accurate disease control strategies but remains elusive. In this study, a data-driven model is developed to predict

A well-designed outdoor environment can enhance thermal and visual comfort of University students and may even mitigate health risks associated with prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Previous studies pay less attention to both thermal and visual perceptions during outdoor training of University students. This study aims to investigate differences and correlations between thermal and visual perceptions

This research explores interdecadal variations in the diurnal cycle of rainfall (DCR) over both inland and coastal areas of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in pre-summer during 1979–2020. Analysis reveals that, over the past 42 years, trends in extreme rainfall during both day and night in GBA have escalated, driven by increased frequency and intensity. Inland rainfall shows a

The urban heat island effect has undermined the livability of cities. Previous studies have shown that Urban Functional Zones (UFZs) exert impacts on the thermal environment. However, the classification methods of UFZs haven't been standardized, which limits the generation of universal conclusions. This study employs the essential urban land use categories (EULUC) mapping method to delineate UFZs in

Quantifying human-environment heat exchange across different thermal transfer modes is critical for selecting effective interventions to improve outdoor thermal environments. This study investigates Guangzhou, a subtropical city, through field measurements and the Predicted Heat Strain (PHS) model to quantify time-series convective, radiative, and evaporative heat fluxes in shaded/unshaded environments

The confluence of circular economy and carbon emission mitigation strategies has catalyzed the emergence of a concept called the Circular Carbon Economy (CCE). This study introduces a novel CCE evaluation framework targeting urban areas and employs Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to bolster transparency and interpretability. Through the application of big data mining techniques, key indicators

This study projects future variations in monthly precipitation and average temperature in major cities of Pakistan. It constructs Multi-Model Ensembles (MMEs) by selecting 16 General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). In this process, it utilizes an Artificial Neural Network-based statistical downscaling approach. The performance of these models

Urban thermal comfort can be improved by trees. A better understanding of the effects of trees on urban climate in streets can provide better guidelines on the optimized use of vegetation in cities to moderate temperatures. In this study, we explore and quantify both improvement and deterioration of urban thermal comfort due to street trees, modeled based on a common street tree in Montreal, by varying

Cycling can improve health, yet cyclists in cities may be exposed to hazardous conditions and have limited exposure to nature and its benefits. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare environmental exposures of urban cyclists on a vegetated, gravel trail route separated from cars and a fully paved route on local roads. In September 2021 in Austin, Texas, US, we cycled on the trail and

Many studies have demonstrated the regulatory function of urban blue-green spaces on urban climates, particularly by mitigating Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects and modulating environmental factors that affect microclimate and human thermal comfort. Yet, few have examined in detail the underlying mechanisms across multiple dimensions and scales. This study conducted field surveys along the four waterfront

Sulfate (SO42−) aerosols, a predominant chemical constituent of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), wield profound influences on urban atmospheric environments, climate dynamics, and public health. While advancements have been made in understanding the formation mechanisms of ground-level SO42−, the scarcity of long-term, continuous vertical measurements has limited our understanding of SO42− production

We investigated the interaction between thermal and gustatory environments in three outdoor spaces in China's cold region: an open square (OS), a tree-shaded space (TS), and a landscape pavilion (LP). Three gustatory stimuli (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme A. Gray, Prunus persica ‘Compressa’, and Prunus avium ‘Mei Zao’) and a control group (no stimulus) were used. The electroencephalograms

Climate sensitive designs have been implemented recently in science to fill the niche of developing scientific tools to help mitigating urban heat island effects. A model capable of identifying hot and cool spots and testing adaptation and mitigation strategies to form recommendations for policy makers is in high demand. We present a novel two-step validation approach using 1) absolute comparison and