From Antiquity onwards, the need to keep mines dry has given rise to the development of water-raising machines. In early modern Europe a series of technological innovations, such as suction-lift pumps, were pioneered underground. Mines were an ideal site for hydraulic experimentation for four reasons: the incentive to dig deeper, the availability of capital, the presence of a skilled workforce, and the cost of labour. The new hydraulic technologies developed in mines were deployed in the water supply systems of many European cities, abbeys, and courts, as illustrated by the example of the Free Imperial City of Augsburg, the career of Pilgram Marpeck, and the Falkenstein mine. Given the significance of this technological transfer and the sheer mass of water raised out of pits, which far exceeded the mass of ore extracted, this article makes the case for the technological and environmental significance of the extraction of water from early modern mines.

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开采水？近代早期欧洲水利知识和专业技能的地下来源


从古代开始，保持矿井干燥的需求导致了提水机的发展。在近代早期欧洲，一系列技术创新，如抽吸提升泵，都是在地下率先出现的。矿山是水力实验的理想地点，原因有四个：深入挖掘的动力、资本的可用性、熟练劳动力的存在以及劳动力成本。在矿山中开发的新水利技术被部署在许多欧洲城市、修道院和法院的供水系统中，奥格斯堡自由皇城、Pilgram Marpeck 的职业生涯和 Falkenstein 矿的例子就说明了这一点。鉴于这种技术转让的重要性以及从矿坑中提出的大量水，远远超过了开采的矿石质量，本文论证了从早期现代矿山中提取水的技术和环境意义。