Studies on household income and consumption in Southern Europe have primarily focused on rural areas and factory workers. In this study, we aim to incorporate evidence of household income, considering the earnings of all household members and not just the male wage, using the population list of Zaragoza (Spain) from 1924. This population list is the first (and the last) to systematically record the wages of all citizens regardless of their family role or age. Our results confirm that, in 1924, most working-class households still required the labour of women and/or children to meet basic consumption needs (on average, they contributed nearly sixty per cent of the household income). Based on different food consumption baskets, the results also show that, with household income, the majority of working-class families could afford a basic consumption basket but not a nutritionally more complete basket.

关于南欧家庭收入和消费的研究主要集中在农村地区和工厂工人。在这项研究中，我们旨在使用 1924 年萨拉戈萨（西班牙）的人口名单，考虑所有家庭成员的收入，而不仅仅是男性工资，纳入家庭收入的证据。这份人口名单是第一个（也是最后一个）系统记录所有公民工资的人口名单，无论他们的家庭角色或年龄如何。我们的结果证实，在 1924 年，大多数工人阶级家庭仍然需要妇女和/或儿童的劳动来满足基本消费需求（平均而言，他们贡献了近 60% 的家庭收入）。基于不同的食品消费篮子，结果还表明，凭借家庭收入，大多数工薪阶层家庭能够负担得起基本的消费篮子，但负担不起营养更完整的篮子。