Even though participation in the arts (a.k.a. hobbies) of employed persons has risen steadily since the early twentieth century, research has not systematically explored the relationship between occupations and hobbies. We address this gap by investigating the intersection and cultural co-constitution of these two forms of engagement by drawing on Breiger's influential work on duality. We introduce a machine-learning approach called association-rules to generate a two-mode network comprising occupations and hobbies using data from the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts. Our analysis shows that the relationship between the two constructs is not consistent with the cultural omnivorousness model. Instead, attributes of the two constructs like temporality and degree of collaborativeness shape their association with implications for their cultural significance. Pottery and painting, generally solo hobbies, are associated with most professions, but are the exclusive domain of gendered male, blue-collar occupations that have less autonomy on working hours. Collaborative music hobbies, entailing considerable commitment, on the other hand, are exclusively associated with occupations with such autonomy. Weaving and writing, portable hobbies that have a reputation of being ‘woke,’ are connected to white- and blue-collar sedentary jobs. Sharedness of hobbies and variability in their cultural significance have implications for the erosion and maintenance of cultural and social distance between occupational groups. Degree of collaborativeness, likewise, has implications for connectedness within hobby groups as well as visibility and embeddedness of occupational groups in local communities.

中文翻译：

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教授-作家和机械师-画家-摄影师：研究职业类别和艺术爱好之间的二元性

尽管自 20 世纪初以来，就业人员参与艺术（又名爱好）的人数稳步上升，但研究并未系统地探讨职业和爱好之间的关系。我们通过借鉴 Breiger 关于二元性的有影响力的工作，研究这两种参与形式的交叉和文化共建，从而解决这一差距。我们引入了一种称为 association-rules 的机器学习方法，以使用来自 Public Participation in the Arts 的数据生成一个包含职业和爱好的双模式网络。我们的分析表明，这两种建构之间的关系与文化杂食模型不一致。相反，这两个结构的属性，如时间性和合作程度，塑造了它们的关联，并影响了它们的文化意义。陶器和绘画，通常是个人爱好，与大多数职业有关，但却是性别化的男性蓝领职业的专属领域，他们在工作时间上的自主性较少。另一方面，需要相当大的承诺的合作音乐爱好完全与具有这种自主性的职业有关。编织和写作是被称为“觉醒”的便携式爱好，与白领和蓝领久坐不动的工作有关。爱好的共享性及其文化意义的可变性对职业群体之间文化和社会距离的侵蚀和维持有影响。同样，协作程度也影响到兴趣爱好团体内部的联系性，以及职业团体在当地社区的能见度和嵌入性。