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Classifying Occupational Hazards: Narratives of Danger, Precariousness, and Safety in Indian Mines, 1895–1970
International Review of Social History ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2025-04-08 , DOI: 10.1017/s0020859025000057
Dhiraj Kumar Nite
International Review of Social History ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2025-04-08 , DOI: 10.1017/s0020859025000057
Dhiraj Kumar Nite
This article suggests that classification exercises were the quintessential modality for both the narrative and labour–management relations of occupational health and safety in Indian mines for the period 1895–1970. The extant literature has underestimated the cause-and-effect relationship that such classification practices had, including punitive safety regulation clauses, compensation clauses, the public image of firms, forms of knowledge, and stakeholder bargaining. The narrative of work hazards fundamentally forged casualty classification patterns. The ascertainment techniques applied to casualty, perceptions of occupational risk, and the politics of restitution shaped the narratives and defined patterns of casualty classification. Management devised various ways to present a decent picture of mining through casualty statistics. Later, critiques of this business practice exposed statistical discrepancies and flaws in the classification system, challenging the built-in business-blindness. From the late 1920s, the informed, organized mineworkers articulated their experiences of workplace risk; they confronted the managerial discourse of “unavoidable” work hazards and mineworkers’ liability for casualty. The mineworkers’ publicists and the government of the Republic of India took an interest in research on occupational health and safety and its regulation. They aimed at industrial efficiency and national reconstruction by creating a healthy, contented, and experienced workforce. All this steered the classification exercises of industrialists and public authorities towards favourable changes. The twin forces of capital and working people converged on the restitution measures articulated within the utilitarian paradigm. The latter, ironically, contributed to valorizing the narrative of risk and sacrifice in the lives of mineworkers.
中文翻译:
职业危害分类:1895-1970 年印第安矿井中的危险、不稳定和安全叙述
本文表明,分类练习是 1895 年至 1970 年期间印度矿山职业健康与安全叙述和劳资关系的典型模式。现存的文献低估了这种分类做法的因果关系,包括惩罚性安全监管条款、赔偿条款、公司的公众形象、知识形式和利益相关者讨价还价。对工作危险的叙述从根本上塑造了伤亡分类模式。应用于伤亡的确定技术、对职业风险的感知和赔偿的政治塑造了伤亡分类的叙述和定义模式。管理层设计了各种方法,通过伤亡统计数据来呈现良好的采矿情况。后来,对这种商业行为的批评暴露了分类系统中的统计差异和缺陷,挑战了固有的商业盲目性。从 1920 年代后期开始,消息灵通、有组织的矿工阐明了他们在工作场所风险方面的经历;他们面对的是“不可避免的”工作危险和矿工的伤亡责任的管理话语。矿工的公关人员和印度共和国政府对职业健康和安全及其监管的研究产生了兴趣。他们通过培养健康、满足和经验丰富的劳动力来实现工业效率和国家重建。所有这些都引导实业家和公共当局的分类活动朝着有利的变化发展。资本和劳动人民的双重力量汇聚在功利主义范式中阐明的归还措施上。 具有讽刺意味的是,后者有助于使矿工生活中的风险和牺牲的叙事有价值化。
更新日期:2025-04-08
中文翻译:

职业危害分类:1895-1970 年印第安矿井中的危险、不稳定和安全叙述
本文表明,分类练习是 1895 年至 1970 年期间印度矿山职业健康与安全叙述和劳资关系的典型模式。现存的文献低估了这种分类做法的因果关系,包括惩罚性安全监管条款、赔偿条款、公司的公众形象、知识形式和利益相关者讨价还价。对工作危险的叙述从根本上塑造了伤亡分类模式。应用于伤亡的确定技术、对职业风险的感知和赔偿的政治塑造了伤亡分类的叙述和定义模式。管理层设计了各种方法,通过伤亡统计数据来呈现良好的采矿情况。后来,对这种商业行为的批评暴露了分类系统中的统计差异和缺陷,挑战了固有的商业盲目性。从 1920 年代后期开始,消息灵通、有组织的矿工阐明了他们在工作场所风险方面的经历;他们面对的是“不可避免的”工作危险和矿工的伤亡责任的管理话语。矿工的公关人员和印度共和国政府对职业健康和安全及其监管的研究产生了兴趣。他们通过培养健康、满足和经验丰富的劳动力来实现工业效率和国家重建。所有这些都引导实业家和公共当局的分类活动朝着有利的变化发展。资本和劳动人民的双重力量汇聚在功利主义范式中阐明的归还措施上。 具有讽刺意味的是,后者有助于使矿工生活中的风险和牺牲的叙事有价值化。