s How has central bank independence (CBI) changed over time and across countries? This paper introduces the most comprehensive dataset on de jure CBI, including country-year observations covering 192 countries between 1970 and 2023. The dataset identifies statutory reforms affecting CBI, their direction, and codes four dimensions of CBI (personnel independence, central bank's objectives, policy formulation, and limits on lending). It includes two CBI indices and a regional diffusion variable. The broader coverage of this dataset has important implications. First, although this dataset coding decisions are generally consistent with previous research, countries included only in this dataset tend to have lower CBI and differ in other dimensions with those previously coded. This suggests that systematically missing data in other data sources may have effects on inferences. Second, extended temporal coverage allows analyzing the evolution of central bank governance for more than a decade since the Global Financial Crisis. Finally, the data show that although there is a global tendency towards more CBI, there is significant variance across and within regions, including numerous reforms reducing CBI in the past two decades. This data contribution is important for research beyond the study of monetary institutions and their effects.

中文翻译：

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重新审视世界央行独立性：扩展数据集


s 中央银行独立性 （CBI） 如何随着时间的推移和在不同国家/地区发生变化？本文介绍了最全面的法理 CBI 数据集，包括 1970 年至 2023 年间涵盖 192 个国家的国家年度观测。该数据集确定了影响 CBI 的法定改革及其方向，并对 CBI 的四个维度（人员独立、中央银行目标、政策制定和贷款限制）进行了编码。它包括两个 CBI 指数和一个区域扩散变量。此数据集的覆盖范围更广具有重要意义。首先，尽管该数据集的编码决策与以前的研究基本一致，但仅包含在该数据集中的国家往往具有较低的 CBI，并且在其他维度上与之前编码的国家不同。这表明其他数据源中系统性缺失的数据可能会对推理产生影响。其次，扩展的时间覆盖范围允许分析自全球金融危机以来十多年来中央银行治理的演变。最后，数据显示，尽管全球存在增加 CBI 的趋势，但地区之间和区域内部存在显著差异，包括过去二十年中降低 CBI 的多项改革。这些数据贡献对于货币机构及其影响研究以外的研究非常重要。