Classical Western thought presupposes a value realism, in which values and meanings are part of the “furniture of things.” Ushering in a radical change in the locus of thought, a modern dualistic metaphysics generally rejects external sources of value in favor of understanding meaning and value as a subjective projection of the individual. Because the subject's interiority is the exclusive source of meaning and value, theories of action within this tradition tend to understand action in terms of self-action. Another metaphysics of action, a metaphysics of immanence, suggests a different basis for understanding the source of meaning and value in action: the agent-environment coupling. The network-analytic principle of duality, as exemplified in the work of Roger Friedland and Pierre Bourdieu, is an invaluable conceptual resource within this alternative tradition, as it enables the mathematical formalization of processes of alignment that produce meaning and action. In my conclusion, I suggest that a modified value realism, exploiting the network-analytic principle of duality, offers an alternative explanatory paradigm in cultural sociology.

中文翻译：

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二元性和价值现实主义

古典西方思想以价值现实主义为前提，其中价值和意义是“事物家具”的一部分。现代二元论形而上学在思想的轨迹上发生了根本性的变化，它通常拒绝外部价值来源，而倾向于将意义和价值理解为个人的主观投射。因为主体的内在性是意义和价值的唯一来源，所以这一传统中的行动理论倾向于从自我行动的角度来理解行动。另一个行动的形而上学，即内在性的形而上学，为理解行动中意义和价值的来源提出了一个不同的基础：代理-环境耦合。正如罗杰·弗里德兰 （Roger Friedland） 和皮埃尔·布迪厄 （Pierre Bourdieu） 的工作所体现的那样，二元性的网络分析原则是这种另类传统中宝贵的概念资源，因为它使产生意义和行动的对齐过程的数学形式化成为可能。在我的结论中，我建议一种修正的价值现实主义，利用二元性的网络分析原则，为文化社会学提供了另一种解释范式。