Critical security studies and emotion research in international relations have highlighted that the emotion of fear is a pivotal driver of material and psychological securitization processes and that political actors may attempt to instrumentalize fear to obtain their political objectives. This article suggests that complementing this focus on fear with closer attention to the emotion of hate provides significant analytical value and enhances our understanding of how actors invoke emotions and with what political implications. Specifically, the article argues that looking at invocations of fear and hate at the macro-level of public discourse generates a better understanding of how political actors can and do attempt to instrumentalize the label of these emotions to describe embodied affective experiences at the micro-level to (de)mobilize audiences and (de)legitimize certain positions and actions. The fact that fear and hate are difficult to differentiate by mere observation, possess similar capacities for mobilization, but have vastly different normative connotations renders them in particular useful in political discourse. To illustrate how the emotion of hate can facilitate a better understanding of the politics of emotions surrounding (de)securitization processes, the article uses the illustrative case study of Germany during the so-called migration crisis.

中文翻译：

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恐惧与仇恨的政治：经验、（去）合法化和（去）动员


国际关系中的批判性安全研究和情感研究强调，恐惧情绪是物质和心理安全化过程的关键驱动力，政治行为者可能试图将恐惧工具化以实现其政治目标。本文认为，通过更密切地关注仇恨情绪来补充对恐惧的关注，可以提供重要的分析价值，并增强我们对行为者如何唤起情绪以及其政治影响的理解。具体来说，文章认为，在公共话语的宏观层面上看待恐惧和仇恨的调用，可以更好地理解政治行为者如何能够而且确实试图将这些情绪的标签工具化，以在微观层面描述具身的情感体验，以（去）动员观众并（去）合法化某些立场和行动。恐惧和仇恨很难通过单纯的观察来区分，它们具有相似的动员能力，但具有截然不同的规范内涵，这使得它们在政治话语中特别有用。为了说明仇恨情绪如何有助于更好地理解围绕（去）证券化过程的情感政治，本文使用了所谓移民危机期间德国的例证性案例研究。