Misinformation can have severe negative effects on people’s decisions, behaviors, and on society at large. This creates a need to develop and evaluate educational interventions that prepare people to recognize and respond to misinformation. We systematically review 107 articles describing educational interventions across various lines of research. In characterizing existing educational interventions, this review combines a theory-driven approach with a data-driven approach. The theory-driven approach uncovered that educational interventions differ in terms of how they define misinformation and regarding which misinformation characteristics they target. The data-driven approach uncovered that educational interventions have been addressed by research on the misinformation effect, lie detection, information literacy, and fraud trainings, with each line of research yielding different types of interventions. Furthermore, this article reviews evidence about the interventions’ effectiveness. Besides identifying several promising types of interventions, comparisons across different lines of research yield open questions that future research should address to identify ways to increase people's resilience towards misinformation.

错误信息会对人们的决定、行为和整个社会产生严重的负面影响。这就需要制定和评估教育干预措施，让人们为识别和应对错误信息做好准备。我们系统地回顾了 107 篇文章，描述了不同研究领域的教育干预。在描述现有的教育干预措施时，本综述将理论驱动的方法与数据驱动的方法相结合。理论驱动的方法发现，教育干预在如何定义错误信息以及针对哪些错误信息特征方面有所不同。数据驱动的方法发现，教育干预措施已经通过对错误信息效应、测谎、信息素养和欺诈培训的研究来解决，每条研究线都产生了不同类型的干预措施。此外，本文回顾了有关干预措施有效性的证据。除了确定几种有前途的干预措施类型外，不同研究领域的比较还产生了未来的研究应该解决的开放性问题，以确定提高人们对错误信息的适应能力的方法。