Background: Family structures shape caregiving dynamics and are considered key drivers of inequality. While research often focuses on partners and children, recent studies highlight the role of grandparents and parents of adult children in shaping informal labor demands. However, sociodemographic differences in multigenerational structures remain understudied. Most research focuses on multigenerational coresidence, despite evidence that geographic proximity alone is often sufficient to enable multigenerational support. Objective: This study explores age variation in multigenerational family structures, defined by the intersection of partnership status, parenthood, and adults’ geographic proximity to their parents. It examines differences across gender, socioeconomic background, migration status, and welfare regimes in Europe between 2020 and 2022. Methods: Using the 10th wave of the European Social Survey, the age prevalence of family structures across groups is investigated through multinomial logistic regression. Results: Analysis reveals variation in the age distribution of multigenerational structures across all groups. At younger ages, lower socioeconomic background (SES) individuals are more likely to live in multigenerational structures, while higher SES individuals tend to delay parenthood and migrate, increasing their likelihood of parenting without nearby parents at older ages. Migrants face the greatest risk of parenthood without parents nearby. Welfare regime differences align with the fertility and social support patterns of each regime. Contribution: This study emphasizes the importance of considering relationships beyond the household when analyzing family structures and their implications. It highlights sociodemographic variations in multigenerational structures, which can influence the informal labor demands associated with different nuclear family arrangements and contribute to inequalities.

中文翻译：

---

欧洲成年子女和父母之间家庭结构的社会人口差异和地理邻近性（作者：Saverio Minardi）


背景：家庭结构塑造了护理动态，被认为是不平等的关键驱动因素。虽然研究通常侧重于伴侣和子女，但最近的研究强调了祖父母和成年子女的父母在塑造非正式劳动需求方面的作用。然而，多代结构中的社会人口学差异仍未得到充分研究。大多数研究都集中在多代共存上，尽管有证据表明，仅靠地理上的接近通常就足以实现多代支持。目的： 本研究探讨了多代家庭结构的年龄差异，这些结构由伴侣关系状况、父母身份和成年人与父母的地理接近程度的交集定义。它研究了 2020 年至 2022 年间欧洲在性别、社会经济背景、移民身份和福利制度方面的差异。方法：使用第 10 波欧洲社会调查，通过多项 logistic 回归调查跨群体家庭结构的年龄患病率。结果：分析揭示了所有群体中多代结构的年龄分布变化。在年轻时，较低的社会经济背景 （SES） 个体更有可能生活在多代结构中，而较高的 SES 个体往往会推迟为人父母和迁移，从而增加他们在年纪较大时没有父母陪伴的可能性。移民在没有父母陪伴的情况下面临最大的父母身份风险。福利制度的差异与每个制度的生育和社会支持模式相一致。贡献： 本研究强调了在分析家庭结构及其影响时考虑家庭以外的关系的重要性。 它强调了多代结构中的社会人口差异，这会影响与不同核心家庭安排相关的非正式劳动力需求，并导致不平等。