We link the 1940 full-count Census to World War II enlistment records and 1969 administrative tax returns to study how WWII service in the Army and Army Airforce impacted the income and mobility of non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American male Army veterans relative to their non-Army counterparts in 1969. The size of our data set provides enough power to shed new light on previously understudied groups, such as Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans. In comparisons of Army veterans with non-Army men, Ordinary Least Squares estimates suggest that WWII Army veterans had higher incomes than non-Army men within the same group, and Army veterans were less likely to change counties between 1940 and 1969 than non-Army men within the non-Hispanic White, Black, and Hispanic groups. Worries about selection bias led us to estimate the effects with a fuzzy regression discontinuity design that compares men who were just too young to serve during World War II to men who were just old enough to serve. Those results showed that Army veterans had lower adjusted gross incomes than non-Army men within the non-Hispanic White, Black, and Asian groups, and slightly higher incomes within the Hispanic and Native American groups. The differences varied by type of income. Migration across county boundaries was lower for Army veterans than non-Army men among non-Hispanic Whites, Asians, and Native Americans, and there were only small differences among Blacks and Hispanics.

中文翻译：

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第二次世界大战军队服役对 1960 年代种族群体收入和流动性的影响


我们将 1940 年全面统计的人口普查与第二次世界大战的入伍记录和 1969 年的行政纳税申报表联系起来，以研究二战在陆军和陆军空军中的服役如何影响 1969 年非西班牙裔白人、黑人、西班牙裔、亚裔和美洲原住民男性退伍军人相对于非陆军退伍军人的收入和流动性。我们数据集的规模提供了足够的能力，可以对以前研究不足的群体（例如西班牙裔、亚裔和美洲原住民）提供新的见解。在陆军退伍军人与非陆军男性的比较中，普通最小二乘法估计表明，二战陆军退伍军人的收入高于同一群体中的非陆军男性，并且陆军退伍军人在 1940 年至 1969 年间更换县的可能性低于非西班牙裔白人、黑人和西班牙裔群体中的非陆军男性。对选择偏倚的担忧导致我们使用模糊回归不连续性设计来估计效果，该设计将二战期间太年轻而无法服役的男性与刚好足以服役的男性进行比较。这些结果表明，在非西班牙裔白人、黑人和亚裔群体中，陆军退伍军人调整后的总收入低于非陆军男性，而在西班牙裔和美洲原住民群体中的收入略高。差异因收入类型而异。在非西班牙裔白人、亚洲人和美洲原住民中，陆军退伍军人的跨县界迁移率低于非陆军男性，黑人和西班牙裔之间的差异很小。