With the development of computer and information techniques, robotics education provides potential to reshape the instructional and learning process in the educational system. From the perspective of the educational system, it is essential to understand the roles of robotics in education as well as their relationships with learners. Specifically, this systematic review proposed a conceptual framework based on two dimensions (i.e., learner agency, robotic interactivity) and reviewed 92 empirical studies from 2010 to 2023 to clarify four categories of robotic roles, namely learning about robotics, learning through robotics, learning from robotics, and learning with robotics. In learning about robotics, educational robotics are merely the learning objects or contents by learners. In learning through robotics, educational robotics serve as the learning tools or assists, and learners can take their agency to operate or design robotics. In learning from robotics, educational robotics act as tutors to convey and deliver knowledge and information to learners. In learning with robotics, educational robotics serve as the peers or companions of learners and collaborate with learners to provide emotional supports, solve problems and construct knowledge. Furthermore, this study examined the applied educational contexts (i.e., educational domain, educational level) and learning effects of the four robotic roles. Overall, the future development of robotics education highlights both learner agency and robotic interactivity to achieve the goal of a learner-centered, robot-friendly learning.

中文翻译：

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机器人在教育中的角色：基于提出的学习者-机器人关系框架的系统评价

随着计算机和信息技术的发展，机器人教育为重塑教育系统中的教学和学习过程提供了潜力。从教育系统的角度来看，了解机器人技术在教育中的作用以及它们与学习者的关系至关重要。具体来说，本系统综述提出了一个基于两个维度（即学习者能动性、机器人交互性）的概念框架，并回顾了 2010 年至 2023 年的 92 项实证研究，以阐明机器人角色的四类，即学习机器人技术、通过机器人技术学习、向机器人学习和与机器人一起学习。在学习机器人技术时，教育机器人只是学习者的学习对象或内容。在通过机器人技术学习中，教育机器人技术作为学习工具或辅助工具，学习者可以利用自己的代理来作或设计机器人技术。在向机器人学习的过程中，教育机器人充当导师，向学习者传达和传递知识和信息。在机器人学习中，教育机器人充当学习者的同伴或伴侣，与学习者合作，提供情感支持、解决问题和构建知识。此外，本研究还考察了四种机器人角色的应用教育环境（即教育领域、教育水平）和学习效果。总体而言，机器人教育的未来发展突出学习者能动性和机器人交互性，以实现以学习者为中心、对机器人友好的学习目标。