Initially, kin-states introduced ethnic cards to strengthen ties with kin-minorities. Today the ethnic card has transformed into an important and effective tool of migration policy, aimed at attracting new immigrants and potential future citizens. Its purpose has changed from reinforcing identity and cultural ties with a diaspora to encouraging the holders to settle and filling labor and demographic gaps in the kin-state. The article presents the evolution of the ethnic card as an instrument of kin-state policy using the example of the Pole’s Card. Since its introduction in 2007, the Card’s provisions have changed profoundly; not only have its subject and material scope been significantly expanded but there has also been a noticeable shift in the narrative about its role in the state’s policy toward the Polish diaspora. Based on a review of legislative documents, transcripts of parliamentary sessions on the Act on the Pole’s Card, as well as expert interviews, the authors trace this evolution, analyze the motives behind the process, and examine the impact of the Card on current migration flows to Poland.

中文翻译：

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种族卡片：从侨民政策工具到移民政策触发器。Pole 的卡片案例


最初，亲属国家引入民族卡以加强与亲属少数民族的联系。今天，族裔牌已经转变为一种重要而有效的移民政策工具，旨在吸引新移民和潜在的未来公民。其目的已经从加强与侨民的身份和文化联系转变为鼓励持有者定居并填补亲属邦的劳动力和人口空白。本文以 Pole's Card 为例，介绍了族群卡作为亲属国家政策工具的演变。自 2007 年推出以来，该卡的规定发生了深刻的变化;不仅其主题和材料范围得到了显著扩展，而且关于它在国家对波兰侨民政策中的作用的叙述也发生了明显的转变。根据对立法文件的审查、关于《波兰人卡法案》的议会会议记录以及专家访谈，作者追溯了这一演变，分析了这一过程背后的动机，并研究了该卡对当前波兰移民潮的影响。