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Quality control strategy for postharvest fragrant pears: pathogenesis of brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola and protective mechanism of carvacrol
Pest Management Science ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2025-05-27 , DOI: 10.1002/ps.8889
Longju Li 1 , Detan Shi 1 , Dandan Song 1 , Kuai Chen 1 , Jinlian Zhang 2 , Aamir Riaz 1, 3 , Zhibing Wu 1
Pest Management Science ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2025-05-27 , DOI: 10.1002/ps.8889
Longju Li 1 , Detan Shi 1 , Dandan Song 1 , Kuai Chen 1 , Jinlian Zhang 2 , Aamir Riaz 1, 3 , Zhibing Wu 1
Affiliation
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BACKGROUNDBrown rot, triggered by Monilinia fructicola , causes substantial postharvest losses. However, the widespread application of chemical fungicides has triggered the development of resistance in pathogenic fungi and the accumulation of hazardous residues. Plant‐derived fungicides offer an eco‐friendly alternative to chemical fungicides owing to their low toxicity and broad‐spectrum activity.RESULTSMonilinia fructicola secreted acidic substances that reduced pH while increasing pectinase (PG) and cellulase (Cx) activities by 230.6% and 59.8%, respectively, leading to an increase of 85.9% in hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), slight increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD; 15.1%), catalase (CAT; 5.8%) and peroxidase (POD; 9.2%), and elevations in malondialdehyde (MDA content and conductivity by 48.8% and 49.4%. Meanwhile, it reduced defense enzyme activity [phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), β‐1,3‐glucanase (GLU), Chitinase (CHI)] and secondary metabolite secretion (lignin, total phenol, flavonoids). By contrast, carvacrol treatment inhibited M . fructicola in vitro [median effective concentration (EC50 ) of 24.2 mg L−1 ] and lesion diameter expansion in vivo . Additionally, it controls pH values and decreases Cx and PG activity, and reduces reduced H2 O2 , MDA and conductivity accumulation by enhancing antioxidant enzymes. Meanwhile, CVR treatment restores the defense system by promoting the activity of defense enzymes and secondary metabolite secretion, thus achieving a protective effect against M . fructicola invasion.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that carvacrol can increase the resistance of pears to M . fructicola and protect them from pathogens, thus prolonging the storage period. This research provides a novel approach to controlling brown rot in fruit caused by M. fructicola , which has profound implications for the global fruit industry and is of great economic and environmental significance. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
中文翻译:
采后香梨质量控制策略:Monilinia fructicola 褐腐病的发病机制及香芹酚的保护机制
背景由 Monilinia fructicola 引发的腐烂病会导致大量的采后损失。然而,化学杀菌剂的广泛应用引发了病原真菌耐药性的发展和有害残留物的积累。植物来源的杀菌剂由于其低毒性和广谱活性,是化学杀菌剂的环保替代品。结果果子莫里菌分泌的酸性物质降低了 pH 值,同时提高了果胶酶 (PG) 和纤维素酶 (Cx) 活性分别提高了 230.6% 和 59.8%,导致过氧化氢 (H2O2) 增加 85.9%,超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD;15.1%)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT;5.8%) 和过氧化物酶 (POD;9.2%) 略有增加,丙二醛(MDA 含量和电导率)升高 48.8% 和 49.4%。同时,它降低了防御酶活性 [苯丙氨酸解氨酶 (PAL)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶 (GLU)、几丁质酶 (CHI)] 和次生代谢物分泌(木质素、总酚、类黄酮)。相比之下,香芹酚治疗在体外抑制了 M. fructicola [中位有效浓度 (EC50) 为 24.2 mg L-1] 和体内病灶直径扩大。此外,它控制 pH 值并降低 Cx 和 PG 活性,并通过增强抗氧化酶来减少 H2O2、MDA 和电导率积累。同时,CVR 处理通过促进防御酶的活性和次生代谢物的分泌来恢复防御系统,从而达到对 M. fructicola 入侵的保护作用。结论研究表明,香芹酚可以增加梨对果子分枝杆菌的抗性,保护其免受病原体的侵害,从而延长贮藏期。这项研究提供了一种控制由 M 引起的水果褐腐病的新方法。 果糖,对全球水果行业具有深远影响,具有重要的经济和环境意义。© 2025 化工学会.
更新日期:2025-05-27
中文翻译:

采后香梨质量控制策略:Monilinia fructicola 褐腐病的发病机制及香芹酚的保护机制
背景由 Monilinia fructicola 引发的腐烂病会导致大量的采后损失。然而,化学杀菌剂的广泛应用引发了病原真菌耐药性的发展和有害残留物的积累。植物来源的杀菌剂由于其低毒性和广谱活性,是化学杀菌剂的环保替代品。结果果子莫里菌分泌的酸性物质降低了 pH 值,同时提高了果胶酶 (PG) 和纤维素酶 (Cx) 活性分别提高了 230.6% 和 59.8%,导致过氧化氢 (H2O2) 增加 85.9%,超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD;15.1%)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT;5.8%) 和过氧化物酶 (POD;9.2%) 略有增加,丙二醛(MDA 含量和电导率)升高 48.8% 和 49.4%。同时,它降低了防御酶活性 [苯丙氨酸解氨酶 (PAL)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶 (GLU)、几丁质酶 (CHI)] 和次生代谢物分泌(木质素、总酚、类黄酮)。相比之下,香芹酚治疗在体外抑制了 M. fructicola [中位有效浓度 (EC50) 为 24.2 mg L-1] 和体内病灶直径扩大。此外,它控制 pH 值并降低 Cx 和 PG 活性,并通过增强抗氧化酶来减少 H2O2、MDA 和电导率积累。同时,CVR 处理通过促进防御酶的活性和次生代谢物的分泌来恢复防御系统,从而达到对 M. fructicola 入侵的保护作用。结论研究表明,香芹酚可以增加梨对果子分枝杆菌的抗性,保护其免受病原体的侵害,从而延长贮藏期。这项研究提供了一种控制由 M 引起的水果褐腐病的新方法。 果糖,对全球水果行业具有深远影响,具有重要的经济和环境意义。© 2025 化工学会.