We investigated which objective language proficiency tests best predict the language dominance, balance, English and Spanish proficiency scores relative to Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) scores (averaged across 5–6 raters). Eighty Spanish–English bilinguals completed OPIs, picture naming, semantic and letter fluency, lexical decision tests and a language history questionnaire. Except for letter fluency, objective measures explained more variance than self-report variables, which seldom and negligibly improved proficiency prediction beyond objective measures in forward regression models. Picture naming (the Multilingual Naming Test (MINT) Sprint 2.0) was the strongest predictor for most purposes. Lexical decision and category fluency were next best predictors, but the latter was time-consuming to score, while the former was easiest to administer (and does not require bilingual examiners). Surprisingly, self-rated proficiency better predicted the OPI scores when averaged across modalities (i.e., including reading/writing instead of just spoken proficiency), and lexical-decision (a written test) was as powerful as picture naming for predicting spoken Spanish (but not language dominance).

中文翻译：

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  预测熟练度


我们调查了哪些客观语言能力测试最能预测相对于口语能力访谈 （OPI） 分数的语言优势、平衡、英语和西班牙语熟练度分数（5-6 名评分者的平均值）。80 名西班牙语-英语双语者完成了 OPI、图片命名、语义和字母流利度、词汇决策测试和语言历史问卷。除了字母流利度外，客观测量比自我报告变量解释的方差更多，而自我报告变量很少且可以忽略不计地提高超出正向回归模型中客观测量的熟练度预测。图片命名 （Multilingual Naming Test （MINT） Sprint 2.0） 是大多数用途的最强预测因子。词汇决策和类别流利度是次佳预测指标，但后者评分耗时，而前者最容易管理（并且不需要双语考官）。令人惊讶的是，当跨模态平均时（即包括阅读/写作而不仅仅是口语熟练度），自评熟练度更好地预测了 OPI 分数，并且词汇决策（一种笔试）在预测西班牙语口语（但不是语言优势）方面与图片命名一样有效。