Immigrants’ life circumstances both before and after migration are likely to vary considerably by type of residence permit, which may affect fertility behaviour. Yet, the relationship between permit type and fertility is surprisingly underexplored. This study uses Swedish population register data to examine fertility differences by permit type among female immigrants to Sweden. The study also examines variation in fertility patterns within the family migrant category by characteristics of the male partner. The analysis compares how the mean number of children of different groups develops over time, both before and after immigration. The relationship between permit type and fertility is examined separately by geographical origin, to facilitate the disentanglement of permit type and origin effects on immigrant fertility. Results show that the mean number of children is higher among refugees and family migrants than among labour and student migrants. Family migrants experience an increase in fertility tempo shortly after migration, whereas this pattern is less pronounced and often somewhat delayed among labour and student migrants and largely absent among refugees. Among family migrants, women who migrated together with or shortly after their male partner have the highest fertility, whereas family migrants with a Swedish‐born partner have lower fertility than other family migrants. This study contributes new knowledge to the understanding of how permit type relates to fertility, by studying fertility differences between more permit categories than earlier studies, by considering time both before and after migration, and by exploring heterogeneity within the family migrant category.

中文翻译：

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瑞典女性移民不同居留许可类型的生育率差异


移民在移民前后的生活状况可能会因居留许可类型而有很大差异，这可能会影响生育行为。然而，出人意料地，许可证类型与生育率之间的关系尚未得到充分探索。本研究使用瑞典人口登记数据来检查瑞典女性移民之间按许可证类型划分的生育率差异。该研究还根据男性伴侣的特征检查了家庭移民类别内生育模式的变化。该分析比较了移民前后不同群体的平均儿童数量如何随着时间的推移而发展。许可证类型和生育率之间的关系按地理来源单独研究，以促进理清许可证类型和来源对移民生育率的影响。结果显示，难民和家庭移民的平均儿童人数高于劳工和学生移民。家庭移民在移民后不久的生育速度加快，而这种模式在劳工和学生移民中不太明显，而且往往有些延迟，而在难民中则基本不存在。在家庭移民中，与男性伴侣一起移民或之后不久移民的妇女生育率最高，而伴侣在瑞典出生的家庭移民的生育率低于其他家庭移民。本研究通过研究比早期研究更多许可证类别之间的生育差异，通过考虑移民前后的时间，以及通过探索家庭移民类别内的异质性，为理解许可证类型与生育率的关系提供了新的知识。