This paper explores PAS actors and policy advice quality dynamics within anticorruption policymaking processes in Kiambu and Nairobi City counties, which are two devolved systems of government in Kenya. It is based on empirical research that sought to determine the level of policy advice quality provided by three critical PAS actors—the state, business, and civil society. These actors were of particular interest as they were mentioned in corruption scandals, linked to sycophancy as they sought to curry favor, and exhibited signs of disengagement, due to frustrations within the policymaking process. The study was framed within the multiple streams framework (MSF) and interrogated policy advice quality through the SERVQUAL model of reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness. The analytical strengths of MSF and SERVQUAL were considered suitable in Kenya’s context where corruption is systemic, in an effort to overcome the limitations of previous approaches that have looked at corruption as a principal-agent problem. Two focus group discussions with key stakeholders were held in each county. Sixty-three respondents from 10 strategic functions, 12 members of the public, and 24 suppliers from each county were interviewed. The results demonstrate the analytical capacity of MSF and SERVQUAL, and provide a theoretical framework within which to ground third-generation policy advice research. The paper addresses the main research problem of inadequate data from the global south, and the lack of measurements for policy advice quality. It also contributes conceptual tools that deepen our understanding by presenting MSF and SERVQUAL as useful models for consideration.

中文翻译：

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政策咨询系统参与者还是政策企业家？肯尼亚反腐败决策中的政策建议质量分析

本文探讨了 Kiambu 县和内罗毕市县（肯尼亚的两个权力下放的政府系统）的反腐败政策制定过程中的 PAS 参与者和政策建议质量动态。它基于实证研究，旨在确定 PAS 的三个关键参与者（国家、企业和公民社会）提供的政策建议质量水平。这些行为者特别令人感兴趣，因为他们在腐败丑闻中被提及，在试图讨好时与阿谀奉承有关，并且由于政策制定过程中的挫败感而表现出脱离接触的迹象。该研究在多流框架 （MSF） 框架内进行，并通过可靠性、保证、有形、同理心和响应能力的 SERVQUAL 模型质疑政策建议质量。MSF 和 SERVQUAL 的分析优势被认为适合肯尼亚腐败的系统性环境，以克服以前将腐败视为委托代理问题的方法的局限性。每个县都与主要利益相关者举行了两次焦点小组讨论。来自每个县的 10 个战略职能部门的 63 名受访者、12 名公众和 24 名供应商接受了采访。结果证明了 MSF 和 SERVQUAL 的分析能力，并为第三代政策建议研究提供了一个理论框架。本文解决了南半球数据不足以及缺乏政策建议质量衡量标准的主要研究问题。它还提供了概念工具，通过将 MSF 和 SERVQUAL 作为有用的模型供考虑，加深了我们的理解。