Over the years, technological advancements and digital transformation have brought significant changes to the Italian education sector. University performance measurement, particularly in terms of efficiency, has been widely debated, given universities’ critical role in driving innovation and discovery. This study aims to compare nonparametric and parametric approaches to estimate the efficiency of Italian universities, with a focus on research, collaboration, and innovation. Specifically, data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis were applied using three different input-output combinations to evaluate the efficiency of 62 Italian public universities in 2021. The findings are valuable from both theoretical and practical perspectives. By identifying best practices and offering targeted insights into areas for performance improvement, this study contributes to the ongoing development of Italian universities and their global competitiveness in research, cooperation, and innovation.

中文翻译：

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研究、协作和创新的效率：意大利大学的参数和非参数方法

多年来，技术进步和数字化转型为意大利教育行业带来了重大变化。鉴于大学在推动创新和发现方面发挥着关键作用，大学绩效衡量，尤其是效率方面的绩效衡量，一直受到广泛争论。本研究旨在比较非参数和参数方法来估计意大利大学的效率，重点是研究、合作和创新。具体来说，使用三种不同的投入产出组合应用数据包络分析和随机前沿分析来评估 62 年 2021 所意大利公立大学的效率。这些发现从理论和实践角度来看都很有价值。通过确定最佳实践并针对绩效改进领域提供有针对性的见解，本研究有助于意大利大学的持续发展及其在研究、合作和创新方面的全球竞争力。