Second-home development in regions with rich natural amenities can both enhance economic opportunities and pose environmental challenges, making sustainable planning crucial. These properties are closely tied to the preservation and well-being of their natural surroundings, and balanced development is essential for sustainable land use and economic growth in these areas. However, limited research has examined the direct interaction between second-home development, natural amenities, and their combined economic impacts. This study addresses this gap by examining the long-term causal relationship between second-homes and the expansion of natural amenities tourism. Monthly trends were analysed using expenditure data from foreign tourists in Italy from 2002 to 2019, employing univariate analysis of the structural models and multivariate Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to examine the causality between second-home and natural amenities tourist expenditures. The findings reveal a causal link between second-homes expansion and the growth of natural amenities tourism, underscoring the importance of strategic spatial planning for sustainable growth in regions heavily dependent on second-home tourism.

中文翻译：

---

旅游活动、自然设施和第二居所开发之间的关系：土地利用规划的见解

在拥有丰富自然设施的地区开发第二套房源既可以增加经济机会，也可以带来环境挑战，因此可持续规划至关重要。这些财产与其自然环境的保护和福祉密切相关，平衡发展对于这些地区的可持续土地利用和经济增长至关重要。然而，有限的研究考察了第二套住房开发、自然设施及其综合经济影响之间的直接相互作用。本研究通过研究第二居所与自然设施旅游扩张之间的长期因果关系来解决这一差距。使用 2002 年至 2019 年在意大利的外国游客的支出数据分析月度趋势，采用结构模型的单变量分析和多变量向量纠错模型 （VECM） 来检查第二居所和自然设施旅游支出之间的因果关系。研究结果揭示了第二居所扩张与自然设施旅游增长之间的因果关系，强调了战略空间规划对于严重依赖第二居所旅游的地区可持续增长的重要性。