Musician’s Focal Dystonia is a task-specific neurological movement disorder affecting the fine motor control of 1% to 2% of highly skilled musicians, often disrupting or even terminating professional musical careers. Given that recovery from the condition is time-consuming and not at all guaranteed, prevention is of high importance. The disorder develops as a result of a period of maladaptive learning, prompted and aggravated by a complex set of risk factors. While some of these, such as genetic predisposition, are immutable, others, such as practice organisation and strategies, general performance-related health and psychosocial factors within the learning environment, are malleable and can be positively influenced in educational settings. This implies that music educators can play a significant role in protecting future generations from acquiring Musician’s Focal Dystonia. Therefore, this article aims to provide music educators with clear information about the pathophysiology of the condition, the potential risk factors, and guidelines for practical preventative steps which can be implemented in individual and group instrumental teaching. We hope that this work is the start of collaborative work between clinicians, health professionals, music educators and the musicians themselves to work towards the common goal of reducing the cases of this disorder.

中文翻译：

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预防音乐家的局灶性肌张力障碍：音乐教育者指南

音乐家局灶性肌张力障碍是一种任务特异性神经运动障碍，影响 1% 至 2% 的高技能音乐家的精细运动控制，通常会中断甚至终止专业音乐生涯。鉴于从病情中恢复很耗时且根本无法保证，因此预防非常重要。这种疾病是一段时间适应不良学习的结果，由一系列复杂的风险因素提示和加重。虽然其中一些因素（如遗传易感性）是不变的，但其他因素（如实践组织和策略、学习环境中与表现相关的一般健康和社会心理因素）是可塑的，可以在教育环境中受到积极影响。这意味着音乐教育者可以在保护子孙后代免于患上音乐家的局灶性肌张力障碍方面发挥重要作用。因此，本文旨在为音乐教育者提供有关病情的病理生理学、潜在风险因素以及可在个人和团体器乐教学中实施的实际预防措施的明确信息。我们希望这项工作是临床医生、卫生专业人员、音乐教育工作者和音乐家本身之间合作工作的开始，以努力实现减少这种疾病病例的共同目标。