In this meta-analysis and narrative review, we investigated whether personality traits of children and adults (i.e., parents and teachers), as well as personality similarity, were associated with the affective quality of dyadic adult–child relationships. We conducted a systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines. By performing a quantitative meta-analysis (k = 39), we examined the associations of children's and parents' personality traits with parent–child relationship quality. Due to a limited number of available studies, associations between personality traits and teacher–child relationships (k = 8) and between personality similarity and adult–child relationships (k = 4) were explored through a narrative review. The meta-analytic findings indicated that children's agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness were positively associated with positive parent–child relationships (e.g., warmth) and negatively associated with negative parent–child relationships (e.g., conflict). In contrast, children's neuroticism was negatively associated with positive parent–child relationships and positively associated with negative parent–child relationships. Comparable patterns were found for parents' personality traits; however, parents' openness was not significantly associated with either positive or negative parent–child relationships. Furthermore, the narrative review suggested that personality traits of both children and teachers may be associated with teacher–child relationships, especially for relational positivity. Finally, preliminary evidence indicated that personality similarity appeared to be positively associated with positive adult–child relationships. Although the results we found were small to medium in magnitude, these findings suggest that focusing on personality may be a promising way to better understand children's affective relationships with adults in various contexts (e.g., family, school).

中文翻译：

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当个人变成关系时：关于人格特质和儿童与成人情感关系的荟萃分析和叙述回顾

在这项荟萃分析和叙述性综述中，我们调查了儿童和成人 （即父母和老师） 的人格特征以及人格相似性是否与二元成人-儿童关系的情感质量相关。我们按照 PRISMA 指南进行了系统的文献检索。通过进行定量荟萃分析 （k = 39），我们检查了儿童和父母的性格特征与亲子关系质量的关联。由于可用研究的数量有限，通过叙述性综述探讨了人格特质与师幼关系 （k = 8） 以及人格相似性与成人 - 儿童关系 （k = 4） 之间的关联。荟萃分析结果表明，儿童的宜人性、责任心、外向性和开放性与积极的亲子关系（例如温暖）呈正相关，与消极的亲子关系（例如冲突）呈负相关。相比之下，儿童的神经质与积极的亲子关系呈负相关，与消极的亲子关系呈正相关。在父母的性格特征中发现了类似的模式;然而，父母的开放性与积极或消极的亲子关系没有显著相关性。此外，叙述性综述表明，儿童和教师的性格特征可能与师生关系有关，尤其是关系积极性。最后，初步证据表明，人格相似性似乎与积极的成人-儿童关系呈正相关。 尽管我们发现的结果在大小到中等程度上，但这些发现表明，关注人格可能是更好地理解儿童在各种环境（例如，家庭、学校）中与成人的情感关系的一种有前途的方法。