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Modes of occurrence of rare earth-bearing minerals in South African coal and ash samples using electron microscopy
Minerals Engineering ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2025-05-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109436
Sanki Biswas, Nicola J. Wagner, Ofentse M. Moroeng

Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) are crucial for modern technologies. This study investigated the modes of occurrence, mineral hosts, and distribution in coal and laboratory-derived coal-ash samples from the Soutpansberg Coalfield (South Africa) using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), mineral liberation analysis (MLA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mineral composition of the studied coal primarily comprises of silicates, predominantly kaolinite (avg. 24.1 wt%; whole coal basis), quartz (avg. 13.6 wt%), alongside carbonates (avg. 12.9 wt%) and pyrite (∼0.1 wt%). Although the coal-ash samples also have silicates (avg. 78.9 wt%), phosphates (monazite, xenotime), titanium oxides, and zircon. Average REY concentrations are 241.3 mg/kg in the coal and 468.3 mg/kg in the coal-ash, reaching a maximum of 957.4 mg/kg with multi-day multi-acid digestion, suggesting enhanced liberation.

中文翻译:

使用电子显微镜分析南非煤炭和灰烬样品中含稀土矿物的出现模式

稀土元素和钇 (REY) 对于现代技术至关重要。本研究使用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱 (SEM-EDS)、矿物解放分析 (MLA)、X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和电感耦合等离子体质谱法 (ICP-MS) 研究了来自 Soutpansberg 煤田(南非)的煤和实验室衍生的煤灰样品中的出现模式、矿物主和分布。所研究的煤的矿物成分主要由硅酸盐组成,主要是高岭石(平均 24.1 wt%;以全煤为基础)、石英(平均 13.6 wt%),以及碳酸盐(平均 12.9 wt%)和黄铁矿(∼0.1 wt%)。尽管煤灰样品也含有硅酸盐(平均 78.9 wt%)、磷酸盐(独居石、磷釉)、氧化钛和锆石。煤中 REY 的平均浓度为 241.3 mg/kg,煤灰中的平均 REY 浓度为 468.3 mg/kg,经过多日多酸消解后最高达到 957.4 mg/kg,表明释放增强。
更新日期:2025-05-20
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