Bilingual adults use semantic context to manage cross-language activation while reading. An open question is how lexical, contextual and individual differences simultaneously constrain this process. We used eye-tracking to investigate how 83 French–English bilinguals read L2-English sentences containing interlingual homographs (chat) and control words (pact). Between subjects, sentences biased target language or non-target language meanings (English = conversation; French = feline). Both conditions contained unbiased control sentences. We examined the impact of word- and participant-level factors (cross-language frequency and L2 age of acquisition/AoA and reading entropy, respectively). There were three key results: (1) L2 readers showed global homograph interference in late-stage reading (total reading times) when English sentence contexts biased non-target French homograph meanings; (2) interference increased as homographs’ non-target language frequency increased and L2 AoA decreased; (3) increased reading entropy globally facilitated early-stage reading (gaze durations) in the non-target language bias condition. Thus, cross-language activation during L2 reading is constrained by multiple factors.

中文翻译：

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当句义偏向另一种语言时：第二语言阅读过程中跨语言激活的眼动追踪调查

双语成人在阅读时使用语义上下文来管理跨语言激活。一个悬而未决的问题是词汇、语境和个体差异如何同时限制这一过程。我们使用眼动追踪调查了 83 名法语-英语双语者如何阅读包含语际同形异义词 （chat） 和控制词 （pact） 的 L2-英语句子。在主题之间，句子偏向目标语言或非目标语言的含义（英语 = 对话;法语 = 猫科动物）。两个条件都包含无偏的控制句。我们检查了单词和参与者级别因素 （分别为跨语言频率和 L2 习得年龄/AoA 和阅读熵） 的影响。有三个关键结果：（1） 当英语句子上下文偏向非目标法语同形异义词含义时，二语读者在后期阅读（总阅读时间）表现出全局同形异义词干扰;（2） 干扰随着同形异义词的非目标语言频率增加和 L2 AoA 的降低而增加;（3） 在非目标语言偏倚条件下，总体阅读熵的增加促进了早期阅读（凝视持续时间）。因此，L2 阅读过程中的跨语言激活受到多种因素的限制。