Music appears universally in human infancy with self‐evident effects: as many parents know intuitively, infants love to be sung to. The long‐term effects of parental singing remain unclear, however. In an offset‐design exploratory 10‐week randomized trial conducted in 2023 (110 families of young infants, Mage = 3.67 months, 53% female, 73% White), the study manipulated the frequency of infant‐directed singing via a music enrichment intervention. Results, measured by smartphone‐based ecological momentary assessment (EMA), show that infant‐directed singing causes general post‐intervention improvements to infant mood, but not to caregiver mood. The findings show the feasibility of longitudinal EMA (retention: 92%; EMA response rate: 74%) of infants and the potential of longer‐term and higher‐intensity music enrichment interventions to improve health in infancy.

中文翻译：

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生态瞬时评估揭示了音乐丰富对婴儿情绪的因果影响

音乐普遍出现在人类的婴儿期，其效果不言而喻：正如许多父母直觉所知道的那样，婴儿喜欢被唱歌。然而，父母唱歌的长期影响仍不清楚。在 2023 年进行的一项为期 10 周的偏移设计探索性随机试验（110 个幼儿家庭，Mage = 3.67 个月，53% 女性，73% 白人）中，该研究通过音乐丰富干预纵了婴儿导向唱歌的频率。通过基于智能手机的生态瞬时评估 （EMA） 测量的结果显示，婴儿导向的歌唱会导致干预后婴儿情绪的普遍改善，但不会改善照顾者的情绪。研究结果表明纵向 EMA 的可行性（保留率：92%;婴儿的 EMA 反应率：74%）以及长期和高强度音乐丰富干预改善婴儿健康的潜力。