Decreased DMI sensitivity of Plenodomus biglobosus (phoma of oilseed rape) associated with CYP51 substitution G476S,Pest Management Science

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Decreased DMI sensitivity of Plenodomus biglobosus (phoma of oilseed rape) associated with CYP51 substitution G476S
Pest Management Science ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2025-05-28 , DOI: 10.1002/ps.8926
Kevin M King ₁ , Liza M González-Rodríguez ₁ , Joanna Kaczmarek ₂ , Małgorzata Jędryczka ₂ , Jonathan S West ₁

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BACKGROUNDPhoma leaf spot/stem canker is an international oilseed rape (Brassica napus) disease caused by Plenodomus lingam (Pl) and Plenodomus biglobosus (Pb). Phoma management can include fungicide applications, often sterol 14α‐demethylase (CYP51) inhibitors (DMIs). Pl and Pb isolates (collected throughout Poland in 2024) were screened for in vitro sensitivity to the DMI prothioconazole‐desthio, and molecular mechanisms associated with altered sensitivity were investigated.RESULTSPl isolates (2024) were less sensitive (4‐fold) than older (before 2002) isolates. All Pl (2024) isolates carried CYP51 promoter inserts, likely a Sahana transposable element (TE) fragment, previously associated with CYP51 overexpression and decreased DMI sensitivity. In addition, Pb isolates with decreased DMI sensitivity were also identified, but without such TE inserts. CYP51 gene sequencing instead revealed substitution G476S that was absent in more‐sensitive G476 isolates. G476S homologues have been linked to decreased DMI sensitivity in multiple other fungi. Pb G476S isolates were less sensitive (7.3‐fold) than Pb G476, widespread throughout Poland, and comprised 14 of 24 (58%) Pb isolates tested. Although CYP51 promoter inserts were detected in 2 of 24 (8%) Pb isolates, these were promoter sequence duplications (not TEs) and not obviously associated with decreased sensitivity. Pl isolates carrying promoter inserts (predominant in recently tested European populations) were more sensitive (2.6‐fold) than Pb G476S, but less sensitive (2.8‐fold) than Pb G476.CONCLUSIONWe provide first evidence for a CYP51 substitution associated with decreased DMI sensitivity in Pb. Result implications for phoma management, how DMI usage might influence pathogen population structure, resistance management strategies and future research required are discussed. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

中文翻译：

与 CYP51 取代 G476S 相关的 Plenodomus biglobosus（油菜福瘤）的 DMI 敏感性降低

背景斑点病/茎溃疡病是由 Plenodomus lingam （Pl）和 Plenodomus biglobosus （Pb）引起的国际油菜（Brassica napus）病害。Phoma 管理可以包括杀菌剂应用，通常是甾醇 14α-去甲基化酶（CYP51）抑制剂（DMI）。筛选 Pl 和 Pb 分离株（2024 年在波兰全境收集）对 DMI 丙硫菌唑-desthio 的体外敏感性，并研究了与敏感性改变相关的分子机制。结果 Pl 分离株（2024）的敏感性（4 倍）低于较早的（2002 年之前）分离株。所有 Pl （2024）分离株均携带 CYP51 启动子插入片段，可能是 Sahana 转座因子（TE）片段，以前与 CYP51 过表达和 DMI 敏感性降低有关。此外，还鉴定出 DMI 敏感性降低的 Pb 分离株，但没有此类 TE 插入片段。相反，CYP51 基因测序揭示了在更敏感的 G476 分离株中不存在的替代 G476S。G476S 同源物与多种其他真菌的 DMI 敏感性降低有关。Pb G476S 分离株的敏感性低于 Pb G476 （7.3 倍），Pb G476 在波兰广泛分布，并且包含测试的 24 种 Pb 分离株中的 14 种（58%）。尽管在 24 个 Pb 分离株中的 2 个（8%）中检测到 CYP51 启动子插入片段，但这些是启动子序列重复（不是 TE），与灵敏度降低没有明显关联。携带启动子插入片段的 Pl 分离株（主要在最近测试的欧洲人群中）比 Pb G476S 敏感（2.6 倍），但比 Pb G476 低（2.8 倍）。结论我们为 CYP51 取代与 Pb 中 DMI 敏感性降低相关提供了初步证据。讨论了对 phoma 管理的结果影响、DMI 的使用如何影响病原体种群结构、耐药性管理策略和所需的未来研究。© 2025 作者。由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表化学工业协会出版的《害虫管理科学》。

更新日期：2025-05-28

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