This study uses large‐scale census data to present some of the first evidence on the labor force participation (LFP) of married female immigrants, focusing on those who migrated from relatively high female LFP home countries to a low female LFP host country (Japan). First, our results indicate that source‐country culture plays an important role in determining female immigrants’ LFP. Both the wife's and husband's source‐country cultures have significant effects on immigrant women's work, the effect being greater for the wife than for the husband. Second, although immigrants usually act more like natives the longer they live in the host country, after controlling for individual characteristics, we found that female migrant LFP rates increase after five years compared to the initial years following arrival. This result suggests that source‐country culture plays a large and persistent role in determining female LFP, which leads to cultural assimilation proceeding slower than economic assimilation. However, we do not claim that acculturation is weak, as we find further evidence of considerable acculturation among second‐generation immigrants and those who arrived during childhood. Acculturation is thus likely driven by childhood socialization rather than culture integration during adulthood.

中文翻译：

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在女性 LFP 含量低的东道国，已婚女性移民的劳动力参与率是否下降？来自日本的证据

本研究使用大规模人口普查数据来提供已婚女性移民劳动力参与率 （LFP） 的一些初步证据，重点关注那些从女性 LFP 相对较高的母国迁移到女性 LFP 较低的东道国（日本）的人。首先，我们的结果表明，来源国文化在决定女性移民的 LFP 方面起着重要作用。妻子和丈夫的来源国文化都对移民妇女的工作有重大影响，对妻子的影响大于对丈夫的影响。其次，尽管移民在东道国居住的时间越长，他们的行为通常越像当地人，但在控制了个人特征后，我们发现与抵达后的最初几年相比，女性移民 LFP 率在五年后有所增加。这一结果表明，来源国文化在决定女性 LFP 方面起着巨大而持久的作用，这导致文化同化比经济同化慢。然而，我们并不是说文化适应能力很弱，因为我们发现进一步证据表明第二代移民和那些在童年时期到达的人有相当大的文化适应能力。因此，文化适应可能是由童年社会化而不是成年期的文化整合驱动的。