Background: Spending time on leisure is widely recognised as a significant source of enjoyable psychological experiences in daily life. However, cross-national studies on time use and gender inequalities frequently overlook the study of leisure. Objective: This study has two principal objectives. First, it presents estimates of leisure time among parents, providing detailed insights into how fathers and mothers allocate their leisure time. Second, it explores patterns and variations in leisure time allocation and gender inequalities across European countries. Methods: This study uses data from the second round of the Harmonised European Time Use Survey (HETUS) to analyse leisure time among parents (n = 76,867) across 13 European countries. This research focuses on parents because of their limited opportunities for leisure. The study examines seven dimensions that consider the type of activity and the presence of other family members. Results: Analogous patterns of leisure time allocation and gender inequalities exist across Europe. Fathers and mothers spend the majority of their leisure time on sedentary activities, either alone or with other adults. However, mothers spend less leisure time overall, particularly in sedentary activities, and more leisure time with their children. Contribution: This note provides new insights into how European parents spend their leisure time, highlighting cross-country patterns in time allocation and gender inequalities via time-use data from 13 European countries. It also emphasises the importance of considering different dimensions of leisure time for a more comprehensive understanding.

中文翻译：

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爸爸妈妈如何分配闲暇时间？13 个欧洲国家的模式和不平等（作者：Anna Martinez Mendiola）

背景：花时间休闲被广泛认为是日常生活中愉快心理体验的重要来源。然而，关于时间使用和性别不平等的跨国研究经常忽视对闲暇的研究。目的：本研究有两个主要目标。首先，它提出了父母对闲暇时间的估计，提供了关于父亲和母亲如何分配闲暇时间的详细见解。其次，它探讨了欧洲国家闲暇时间分配和性别不平等的模式和变化。方法：本研究使用第二轮欧洲协调时间使用调查 （HETUS） 的数据来分析 13 个欧洲国家父母 （n = 76,867） 的闲暇时间。这项研究的重点是父母，因为他们的休闲机会有限。该研究考察了考虑活动类型和其他家庭成员存在的七个维度。结果：欧洲各地存在类似的闲暇时间分配和性别不平等模式。父亲和母亲将大部分闲暇时间花在久坐不动的活动上，无论是独自一人还是与其他成年人一起。然而，母亲们总体上花在闲暇时间上较少，尤其是在久坐不动的活动中，而与孩子在一起的闲暇时间更多。贡献：本报告提供了关于欧洲父母如何度过闲暇时间的新见解，通过来自 13 个欧洲国家的时间使用数据强调了时间分配的跨国模式和性别不平等。它还强调了考虑闲暇时间的不同维度以更全面地理解的重要性。