This paper examines how sending governments engage their diasporas for lobbying purposes and the potential outcomes of such efforts. Using Turkey's diaspora in Germany as a case study, we apply an integrated framework combining insights from the diaspora engagement policies and ethnic lobbying literatures to address the question: To what extent is a sending country capable of mobilising its diaspora to lobby for its interests in the host country? We show that governments' policies can strengthen the diaspora lobbying capacity by enhancing the internal factors of ethnic lobbying success, such as political activity, unity, and collective identity. However, these efforts may provoke backlash from the host country, limiting the diaspora's access to political power and chances of successful lobbying. Moreover, when the group's interests diverge from the homeland's objectives, the diaspora may prioritise its own concerns, complicating states' efforts of mobilising a consistently loyal group. This study contributes to our understanding of state‐diaspora relations by highlighting how states attempt to promote diaspora's lobbying and the complexity of such actions.

中文翻译：

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侨民参与政策是否促进忠诚的种族游说？土耳其政策及其在德国侨民的游说能力的实证分析

本文研究了派遣政府如何利用其侨民进行游说，以及这种努力的潜在结果。以土耳其在德国的侨民为案例研究，我们应用了一个综合框架，结合了侨民参与政策和种族游说文献的见解来回答这个问题：派遣国在多大程度上能够动员其侨民为其在东道国的利益进行游说？我们表明，政府的政策可以通过增强种族游说成功的内部因素（例如政治活动、团结和集体认同）来加强散居侨民游说能力。然而，这些努力可能会引起东道国的强烈反对，从而限制侨民获得政治权力和成功游说的机会。此外，当该群体的利益与祖国的目标背道而驰时，散居海外的侨民可能会优先考虑自己的关切，从而使各国动员始终忠诚的群体的努力复杂化。本研究通过强调国家如何试图促进侨民游说以及此类行动的复杂性，有助于我们理解国家与侨民的关系。