Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy in people with testicles aged 15–44 years, accounting for 1–2% of all tumours in males of all ages. Approximately 95% of testicular cancers are testicular germ cell tumours. This Seminar focuses on testicular cancer, with an emphasis on testicular germ cell tumours. We delve into the epidemiology, clinical presentation, disease management, controversies, clinical dilemmas, follow-up, and future directions. Furthermore, we explore distinct treatment approaches for seminoma and non-seminoma testicular germ cell tumours across all clinical stages and discuss post-treatment salvage options after relapse. Our Seminar aims to provide a comprehensive review of testicular cancer, to enhance understanding, and inform clinicians and researchers about the latest developments in management.

中文翻译：

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  睾丸癌

睾丸癌是 15-44 岁睾丸患者中最常见的实体恶性肿瘤，占所有年龄段男性所有肿瘤的 1-2%。大约 95% 的睾丸癌是睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤。本次研讨会侧重于睾丸癌，重点是睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤。我们深入研究了流行病学、临床表现、疾病管理、争议、临床困境、随访和未来方向。此外，我们探讨了精原细胞瘤和非精原细胞瘤睾丸生殖细胞瘤在所有临床阶段的不同治疗方法，并讨论了复发后的治疗后挽救选择。我们的研讨会旨在提供对睾丸癌的全面回顾，以增强理解，并告知临床医生和研究人员管理的最新进展。