The present study assessed both concurrent and early influences of the maternal caregiving environment to examine unique contributions of each to variation in children's emotional responses to COVID‐19 pandemic. Preschoolers (3–5 years; M = 4.12, SD = 0.49) previously assessed in infancy, several years prior to pandemic outbreak, were re‐assessed during pandemic‐related nationwide lockdown (N = 200; 50% female; 63.5% secular Jews; 2016; 2021). Maternal stress during lockdown significantly moderated (β = 0.13, p < 0.05) and mediated (β = 0.08, p < 0.05) concurrent associations between preschoolers' dose of exposure (DOE) to COVID‐19 psychosocial stressors and symptoms. Furthermore, maternal sensitive care observed in infancy significantly moderated future associations between preschoolers' DOE and symptoms (β = −0.16, p < 0.05). Longitudinal protective effects of infant care remained significant after controlling for caregiver stress and behavior during the lockdown.

中文翻译：

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情感疫苗：婴儿期的母亲照顾塑造了未来学龄前儿童在 COVID-19 大流行期间的内化症状

本研究评估了孕产妇护理环境的并发和早期影响，以研究每种环境对儿童对 COVID-19 大流行的情绪反应变化的独特贡献。学龄前儿童（3-5 岁;M = 4.12，SD = 0.49）之前在婴儿期评估的，即大流行爆发前几年，在与大流行相关的全国封锁期间重新评估（N = 200;50% 女性;63.5% 世俗犹太人;2016 年;2021 年）。锁定期间的母体压力显着缓和 （β = 0.13，p < 0.05） 和介导 （β = 0.08，p < 0.05） 学龄前儿童暴露剂量 （DOE） 与 COVID-19 心理社会压力源和症状之间的同时关联。此外，在婴儿期观察到的母体敏感护理显着调节了学龄前儿童的 DOE 与症状之间的未来关联 （β = -0.16，p < 0.05）。在控制了锁定期间照顾者的压力和行为后，婴儿护理的纵向保护作用仍然显着。