This study introduces the age‐weighted migration effectiveness index (AWMEI), a new metric that integrates age‐specific variation into a single measure of migration effectiveness. Traditional indices, such as the migration effectiveness index (MEI) and age‐specific MEI (ASMEI), effectively address the first aspect of migration effectiveness—population redistribution—but overlook the second aspect—transformation of the composition of regional populations. The AWMEI bridges this gap by weighting net migration flows according to their age structure, offering comprehensive insights into migration's dual impacts. Applied to South Korea's internal migration data (2001–2022), the AWMEI uncovers patterns previously obscured by conventional measures. Nationally, an increasing divergence between AWMEI and MEI reveals growing age disparities in migration patterns. At regional and local scales, the AWMEI highlights substantial age‐specific population shifts even where traditional indices indicate minimal migration effectiveness. Amid broader spatial demographic transitions, the AWMEI provides a robust analytical framework for capturing migration's demographic implications. Its inherent adaptability further allows broad application across diverse dimensions of population composition and various research contexts.

中文翻译：

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迁移有效性指数的扩展：考虑迁移对人口结构的影响

本研究引入了年龄加权迁移有效性指数 （AWMEI），这是一个将年龄特异性变化整合到迁移有效性的单一衡量标准中的新指标。传统指数，如迁移有效性指数 （MEI） 和特定年龄 MEI （ASMEI），有效地解决了迁移有效性的第一个方面——种群再分配——但忽略了第二个方面——区域种群构成的转变。AWMEI 根据年龄结构对净移民流量进行加权，从而弥合了这一差距，从而提供了对移民双重影响的全面见解。AWMEI 应用于韩国的内部移民数据（2001-2022 年），揭示了以前被传统衡量标准掩盖的模式。在全国范围内，AWMEI 和 MEI 之间日益扩大的差异揭示了移民模式中不断扩大的年龄差异。在区域和地方尺度上，AWMEI 强调了显著的年龄特异性人口变化，即使在传统指数表明迁移效率最低的情况下也是如此。在更广泛的空间人口转变中，AWMEI 为捕捉移民的人口影响提供了一个强大的分析框架。其固有的适应性进一步允许在人口构成的不同维度和各种研究背景中得到广泛应用。