Vaccines are an important tool for preventing serious illness and avoiding deaths. Vaccine hesitancy, the delay or refusal of vaccines when available or offered, is one of the top 10 threats to global public health. The acceptance and uptake, delay, or refusal of vaccines has direct health implications for individuals, their close contacts, and indirectly for others in their environment and wider social networks. Vaccination uptake/hesitancy is the product of human decision-making and is influenced by various psychological and social factors, including perceived social norms. Individuals will often consider others’ vaccine-related attitudes and/or behaviors to guide their own decision-making. One potential way of reducing vaccine hesitancy is by changing people’s (mis)perceptions of these vaccine-related social norms through feedback interventions that highlight the actual vaccination norms (e.g., that most others would take a vaccine if offered). This article takes a social norms perspective toward understanding vaccine hesitancy, discusses how and why perceived social norms may be influential in hesitancy, and outlines ways psychological science can better understand the perceived social norms implicated in vaccine hesitancy.

中文翻译：

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感知到的社会规范和疫苗犹豫

疫苗是预防严重疾病和避免死亡的重要工具。疫苗犹豫，即延迟或拒绝提供疫苗，是全球公共卫生面临的十大威胁之一。接受和采用、延迟或拒绝疫苗对个人、他们的密切接触者以及其环境和更广泛的社交网络中的其他人有直接的健康影响。疫苗接种率/犹豫是人类决策的产物，受各种心理和社会因素的影响，包括感知到的社会规范。个人通常会考虑他人与疫苗相关的态度和/或行为来指导自己的决策。减少疫苗犹豫的一种潜在方法是通过反馈干预来改变人们对这些与疫苗相关的社会规范的（错误）看法，这些反馈干预突出了实际的疫苗接种规范（例如，如果提供疫苗，大多数其他人会接种疫苗）。本文从社会规范的角度来理解疫苗犹豫，讨论了感知到的社会规范如何以及为什么会影响犹豫，并概述了心理科学如何更好地理解与疫苗犹豫相关的感知社会规范。