Acid-base bifunctional catalysts have garnered increasing attention due to their excellent adaptability to low-quality oils. The montmorillonite supported bimetallic catalysts are successfully synthesized by wet impregnation method, and the effects of catalyst in transesterification of the acidified palm oil to produce biodiesel are evaluated. Various characterization methods of XRD, CO2/NH3-TPD BET and SEM-EDS etc. are used to evaluate the performances of the catalyst. BET analysis shows that the pore volume of the catalyst is 0.014 m3/g and the pore size is 15.29 nm, which proves the excellent pore properties of the catalyst. The transesterification parameters are optimized by the response surface method of central composite design, where the maximum biodiesel yield of 96.1 % was obtained at the alcohol to oil ratio of 15.5:1, catalyst dosage of 5.5 wt% and transesterification temperature of 163.0 °C. After four cycles of reuse, the biodiesel yield of the catalyst remained at 78.7 %. In the acid resistance test, the catalyst still achieved a yield of 81.1 % when 10 wt% oleic acid was added, demonstrating its excellent acid tolerance. The synthetic biodiesel is certified to be compliant with the ASTM D 6751 standard.

中文翻译：

---

使用酸碱双功能负载催化剂进行可持续生物柴油生产

酸碱双功能催化剂因其对低质量油的出色适应性而受到越来越多的关注。采用湿法浸渍法成功合成了蒙脱石负载的双金属催化剂，并评价了催化剂在酸化棕榈油酯交换生产生物柴油中的效果。采用 XRD、CO2/NH3-TPD BET 和 SEM-EDS 等各种表征方法评价催化剂的性能。BET 分析表明，催化剂的孔体积为 0.014 m3/g，孔径为 15.29 nm，证明了催化剂优异的孔隙性能。通过中心复合材料设计的响应面法优化酯交换参数，其中在醇油比为 15.5：1、催化剂用量为 5.5 wt% 和酯交换温度为 163.0 °C 时，生物柴油收率最高为 96.1 %。 经过四次循环再利用后，催化剂的生物柴油收率保持在 78.7%。在耐酸性测试中，当添加 10 wt% 的油酸时，催化剂仍实现了 81.1% 的收率，证明了其优异的耐酸性。合成生物柴油经认证符合 ASTM D 6751 标准。