The adoption of electric freight vehicles (EFVs) is integral to achieving sustainable urban freight mobility (UFM); however, their large-scale deployment remains constrained by a number of financial, infrastructural, regulatory, policy, and operational barriers. This study employs a robust multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework, which integrates fuzzy Delphi, decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), and interpretive structural modelling (ISM), to systematically identify, rank, and link critical barriers to EFV deployment. Through an initial literature review and expert-driven assessment, we identify 18 barriers, which are subsequently refined to 13 based on their significance and interrelationships. The results highlight six dominant causal barriers, including inadequate government incentives, unstructured urban market layouts, and high operational costs with prolonged payback periods, all of which create systemic resistance to EFV adoption. Additionally, limited charging infrastructure, an immature EFV resale market, and a lack of dedicated repair centres exacerbate the reluctance of logistics service providers to transition to EFVs. The study also categorizes these barriers into four strategic clusters based on their driving and dependence power, offering a novel hierarchical decision roadmap to facilitate effective policy interventions. Advancing existing DEMATEL methodologies, this research contributes to the discourse on sustainable urban logistics by providing an empirically validated, analytically rigorous framework that informs policymakers, logistics service providers, and urban planners in devising effective strategies for EFV integration. The proposed model facilitates strategic decision-making for achieving low-carbon urban freight systems and offers a scalable approach that is applicable to diverse urban contexts.

中文翻译：

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提高电动货运车辆在城市物流中的使用率的障碍排名和解决方案

采用电动货运车辆 （EFV） 是实现可持续城市货运交通 （UFM） 不可或缺的一部分;然而，它们的大规模部署仍然受到许多财务、基础设施、监管、政策和运营障碍的限制。本研究采用稳健的多标准决策分析 （MCDA） 框架，该框架集成了模糊德尔菲、决策试验和评估实验室 （DEMATEL） 和解释性结构建模 （ISM），以系统地识别、排序和链接 EFV 部署的关键障碍。通过初步的文献综述和专家驱动的评估，我们确定了 18 个障碍，随后根据它们的重要性和相互关系将其细化为 13 个。结果强调了六个主要的因果障碍，包括政府激励措施不足、非结构化的城市市场布局以及高运营成本和较长的投资回收期，所有这些都对 EFV 的采用造成了系统性阻力。此外，有限的充电基础设施、不成熟的 EFV 转售市场以及缺乏专门的维修中心，加剧了物流服务提供商不愿意过渡到 EFV 的情况。该研究还根据这些障碍的驱动力和依赖力将这些障碍分为四个战略集群，提供了一个新颖的分层决策路线图，以促进有效的政策干预。本研究推进现有的 DEMATEL 方法，通过提供经过实证验证、分析严谨的框架，为政策制定者、物流服务提供商和城市规划者制定有效的 EFV 整合战略，为可持续城市物流的讨论做出贡献。 拟议的模型有助于实现低碳城市货运系统的战略决策，并提供适用于不同城市环境的可扩展方法。